Кіріспе
Жылқының түсі түстелген шаштарының біртіндеп түсін жоғалтуымен сипатталады. Көптеген сұр жылқылардың терісі қара және көздері қара болады; кейбір жылқылардың түсін азайтатын гендерден және пигментацияны жоғалтуға себеп болатын басқа гендерден өзгеше, сұр түс терінің немесе көздің түсіне әсер етпейді. Таза тұқымды жылқылардың шамамен 3% сұр түсті болады. Сұр түс сондай-ақ пинто және Аппалуоса сияқты дақты жылқылардың түс үлгілеріне де әсер етеді. Оның әсері осы үлгілердегі белгілердің контрастын азайтады, бұл кейде "көлеңкелену" деп сипатталады.
Coat color characterized by progressive depigmentation of the colored hairs of the coat
A gray horse (or grey horse) has a coat color characterized by progressive depigmentation of the colored hairs of the coat. Most gray horses have black skin and dark eyes; unlike some equine dilution genes and some other genes that lead to depigmentation, gray does not affect skin or eye color. The gray coat color makes up about 3% of Thoroughbreds. Gray also affects spotting patterns of pintos and leopard complex horses such as Appaloosas. Its effects wash out the contrast of the markings of these patterns, sometimes colloquially described as "ghosting."
A gray horse (or grey horse) has a coat color characterized by progressive depigmentation of the colored hairs of the coat. Most gray horses have black skin and dark eyes; unlike some equine dilution genes and some other genes that lead to depigmentation, gray does not affect skin or eye color. The gray coat color makes up about 3% of Thoroughbreds. Gray also affects spotting patterns of pintos and leopard complex horses such as Appaloosas. Its effects wash out the contrast of the markings of these patterns, sometimes colloquially described as "ghosting."
Сұр жылқылардың түсі өзгеруі
Сұр тоқты кез келген түспен тууы мүмкін. Дегенмен, көбінесе көк, қаштан немесе қара түстер кездеседі. Жылқы өскен сайын, ақ түсті шаштар пайда болып, "сұрға айналады". Әдетте, ақ шаштар тұмсық, көздер және бүйірлерде алғаш көрінеді, кейде туған кезде, көбінесе бір жасқа дейін. Уақыт өте келе, ақ шаштар туған кездегі түсті ығыстырады. Ақ және қара түсті шаштардың өзгеретін үлгілеріне "көк сұр", "тұз және бұрыш", "темір сұр" немесе "дақылды сұр" сияқты көптеген бейресми атаулар бар. Жылқының жасы ұлғайған сайын, түгі ақ түске айналады. Кейбір жылқылардың ақ түсті жүніне қызғылт қоңыр дақтар пайда болады. Мұндай аттарды көбінесе "құрт шаққан сұр" деп атайды. Әртүрлі тұқымдар мен олардың жеке өкілдерінің сұрға айналуына әртүрлі уақыт керек. Сондықтан, жылқының жасын анықтау үшін сұрға айналуын пайдалануға болмайды, тек жалпы мәлімет беруге болады: өте жас жылқыда ешқашан ақ жүні болмайды (егер ол шын ақ жылқы болмаса), ал жасөспірім жылқы көбінесе толығымен сұрға айналады. Бұл шаштың түсінің өзгеруін білдіреді, сондықтан бір сұр жылқы уақыт өте келе басқа түске айналуы мүмкін, кейде тұқымдық тіркеу қағаздарындағы түсті өзгерту қажет болады. Сұр жүні толығымен ақ болған жылқымен саяхаттаған адамдар, полиция қызметкерлері немесе шекара күзетшілері сияқты жылқыға бейім емес лауазымды тұлғалармен қиындықтарға тап болуы мүмкін, себебі олар "сұр" деп жазылған қағаздары бар жылқыны ақ деп қабылдайды. Жағдайды одан әрі күрделендіретін фактор – тері мен көздің түсі, егер оларға ақ белгілер, ақ дақтың белгілі бір үлгілері немесе сұйыту гендері әсер етсе, басқа болуы мүмкін. + Сұр түстің өзгеруі.
A gray foal may be born any color. However, bay, chestnut, or black base colors are most often seen. As the horse matures, it "grays out" as white hairs begin to replace the base or birth color. Usually white hairs are first seen by the muzzle, eyes and flanks, occasionally at birth, and usually by the age of one year. Over time, white hairs replace the birth color. The changing patterns of white and dark hairs have many informal names, such as "rose gray," "salt and pepper," "iron gray", or "dapple gray." As the horse ages, the coat continues to lighten, often to a pure white. Some horses develop pigmented reddish brown speckles on an otherwise white hair coat. Such horses are often called "fleabitten gray". Different breeds, and individuals within each breed, take differing amounts of time to gray out. Thus, graying cannot be used to approximate the age of a horse except in the broadest of terms: a very young horse will never have a white coat (unless it is a true white horse), while a horse in its teens usually is completely grayed out. One must also be careful not to confuse the small amount of gray hairs that may appear on some older horses in their late teens or twenties, which do not reflect the gray gene and never cause a complete graying of the horse. This change in hair color means that the same gray horse will appear to be a different color over time, sometimes resulting in a need to change the color noted on breed registry papers. Other times, people traveling with gray horses who have a pure white hair coat have encountered problems with non horse oriented officials such as police officers or border guards who are unclear about a horse who has papers saying it is "gray" when the horse in front of them appears white. To further complicate matters, the skin and eyes may be other colors if influenced by other factors such as white markings, certain white spotting patterns or dilution genes. + Gray color changes Name Image DescriptionFoals Horses in their first year begin to show a few white hairs as their foal coat sheds. Some foals show gray hairs around their eye, muzzle and other "soft" areas at birth, others do not show white hairs until they are almost yearlings. Young gray horses An intermediate stage typically seen in young horses in the early stages of turning gray is when white hairs are mixed with the dark birth color. In horses born black or dark bay, the horse shows mostly black and white hairs intermingled on the body. This is sometimes called "salt and pepper", "iron gray", or "steel gray." This is the most common intermediate form of gray, which can give a silvery look to the coat. A reddish tinge, called a "rose gray", describes this intermediate stage for a horse born a chestnut or bright bay. Young horses just starting to gray out are sometimes confused with roans, but a gray continues to lighten with age, while a roan does not. Roaning also causes fewer white hairs on the legs and head, giving the horse the appearance of dark points, which is usually not true of gray. Dapple gray Light and dark areas form a dappled pattern of dark rings with lighter hairs on the inside of the ring, scattered over the entire body of the animal. Not all grays dapple, and it is an intermediate stage, usually seen in young adult horses, often considered highly attractive. The horse will continue to become lighter. Dappled grays should not be confused with the slight dappling "bloom" seen on horses of other colors that are in excellent condition, as "bloom" dapples disappear should the horse lose condition. Late stage graying As grays become lighter with age, a few areas, especially around the flanks and legs, retain some color Complete depigmentation Nearly all hairs are white. A horse at this stage may be done changing color, or may begin to develop fleabitten pigment. Gray horses with a completely white coat can be distinguished from a white horse by their underlying black skin, particularly around the eyes, muzzle, and genital area. Fleabitten gray Flea bitten gray is a color consisting of a white hair coat with small pigmented speckles or "freckles". The flea bitten pattern is seen primarily in heterozygous Grays.
Тұяқ: Жаңа туған жылқының алғашқы жылында, жүні түсіп қалғанда, ақ шаштар пайда бола бастайды. Кейбір тоқтылардың көзінің, тұмсығының және басқа да "жұмсақ" жерлерінде туған кезде ақ шаштар көрінеді, ал кейбіреулері бір жасқа дейін ақ түкті болмайды.
A gray foal may be born any color. However, bay, chestnut, or black base colors are most often seen. As the horse matures, it "grays out" as white hairs begin to replace the base or birth color. Usually white hairs are first seen by the muzzle, eyes and flanks, occasionally at birth, and usually by the age of one year. Over time, white hairs replace the birth color. The changing patterns of white and dark hairs have many informal names, such as "rose gray," "salt and pepper," "iron gray", or "dapple gray." As the horse ages, the coat continues to lighten, often to a pure white. Some horses develop pigmented reddish brown speckles on an otherwise white hair coat. Such horses are often called "fleabitten gray". Different breeds, and individuals within each breed, take differing amounts of time to gray out. Thus, graying cannot be used to approximate the age of a horse except in the broadest of terms: a very young horse will never have a white coat (unless it is a true white horse), while a horse in its teens usually is completely grayed out. One must also be careful not to confuse the small amount of gray hairs that may appear on some older horses in their late teens or twenties, which do not reflect the gray gene and never cause a complete graying of the horse. This change in hair color means that the same gray horse will appear to be a different color over time, sometimes resulting in a need to change the color noted on breed registry papers. Other times, people traveling with gray horses who have a pure white hair coat have encountered problems with non horse oriented officials such as police officers or border guards who are unclear about a horse who has papers saying it is "gray" when the horse in front of them appears white. To further complicate matters, the skin and eyes may be other colors if influenced by other factors such as white markings, certain white spotting patterns or dilution genes. + Gray color changes Name Image DescriptionFoals Horses in their first year begin to show a few white hairs as their foal coat sheds. Some foals show gray hairs around their eye, muzzle and other "soft" areas at birth, others do not show white hairs until they are almost yearlings. Young gray horses An intermediate stage typically seen in young horses in the early stages of turning gray is when white hairs are mixed with the dark birth color. In horses born black or dark bay, the horse shows mostly black and white hairs intermingled on the body. This is sometimes called "salt and pepper", "iron gray", or "steel gray." This is the most common intermediate form of gray, which can give a silvery look to the coat. A reddish tinge, called a "rose gray", describes this intermediate stage for a horse born a chestnut or bright bay. Young horses just starting to gray out are sometimes confused with roans, but a gray continues to lighten with age, while a roan does not. Roaning also causes fewer white hairs on the legs and head, giving the horse the appearance of dark points, which is usually not true of gray. Dapple gray Light and dark areas form a dappled pattern of dark rings with lighter hairs on the inside of the ring, scattered over the entire body of the animal. Not all grays dapple, and it is an intermediate stage, usually seen in young adult horses, often considered highly attractive. The horse will continue to become lighter. Dappled grays should not be confused with the slight dappling "bloom" seen on horses of other colors that are in excellent condition, as "bloom" dapples disappear should the horse lose condition. Late stage graying As grays become lighter with age, a few areas, especially around the flanks and legs, retain some color Complete depigmentation Nearly all hairs are white. A horse at this stage may be done changing color, or may begin to develop fleabitten pigment. Gray horses with a completely white coat can be distinguished from a white horse by their underlying black skin, particularly around the eyes, muzzle, and genital area. Fleabitten gray Flea bitten gray is a color consisting of a white hair coat with small pigmented speckles or "freckles". The flea bitten pattern is seen primarily in heterozygous Grays.
Жас сұр аттар: Жас аттардағы аралық кезең – ақ түсті шаштардың қара түспен араласуы. Қара немесе қою қоңыр аттарда денеде көбінесе қара және ақ түстер араласып тұрады. Бұл кейде "тұз және бұрыш", "темір сұр" немесе "болат сұр" деп аталады. Бұл сұр түстің ең көп таралған аралық түрі, ол жүнді күміс түсті етеді. Қаштан немесе жарқын қоңыр аттардағы аралық кезеңді сипаттау үшін "көк сұр" деп аталатын қызғылт реңк қолданылады. Жас жылқылар ақшылданған кезде кейде аққұбалармен шатасады, бірақ сұр жылқы жасы ұлғайған сайын ақшылданса, аққұбалар өзгермейді. Аққұбалардың аяқтары мен басында ақ түк аз болады, сондықтан аттың қара нүктелері бар сияқты көрінеді, бірақ бұл сұрға тән емес.
A gray foal may be born any color. However, bay, chestnut, or black base colors are most often seen. As the horse matures, it "grays out" as white hairs begin to replace the base or birth color. Usually white hairs are first seen by the muzzle, eyes and flanks, occasionally at birth, and usually by the age of one year. Over time, white hairs replace the birth color. The changing patterns of white and dark hairs have many informal names, such as "rose gray," "salt and pepper," "iron gray", or "dapple gray." As the horse ages, the coat continues to lighten, often to a pure white. Some horses develop pigmented reddish brown speckles on an otherwise white hair coat. Such horses are often called "fleabitten gray". Different breeds, and individuals within each breed, take differing amounts of time to gray out. Thus, graying cannot be used to approximate the age of a horse except in the broadest of terms: a very young horse will never have a white coat (unless it is a true white horse), while a horse in its teens usually is completely grayed out. One must also be careful not to confuse the small amount of gray hairs that may appear on some older horses in their late teens or twenties, which do not reflect the gray gene and never cause a complete graying of the horse. This change in hair color means that the same gray horse will appear to be a different color over time, sometimes resulting in a need to change the color noted on breed registry papers. Other times, people traveling with gray horses who have a pure white hair coat have encountered problems with non horse oriented officials such as police officers or border guards who are unclear about a horse who has papers saying it is "gray" when the horse in front of them appears white. To further complicate matters, the skin and eyes may be other colors if influenced by other factors such as white markings, certain white spotting patterns or dilution genes. + Gray color changes Name Image DescriptionFoals Horses in their first year begin to show a few white hairs as their foal coat sheds. Some foals show gray hairs around their eye, muzzle and other "soft" areas at birth, others do not show white hairs until they are almost yearlings. Young gray horses An intermediate stage typically seen in young horses in the early stages of turning gray is when white hairs are mixed with the dark birth color. In horses born black or dark bay, the horse shows mostly black and white hairs intermingled on the body. This is sometimes called "salt and pepper", "iron gray", or "steel gray." This is the most common intermediate form of gray, which can give a silvery look to the coat. A reddish tinge, called a "rose gray", describes this intermediate stage for a horse born a chestnut or bright bay. Young horses just starting to gray out are sometimes confused with roans, but a gray continues to lighten with age, while a roan does not. Roaning also causes fewer white hairs on the legs and head, giving the horse the appearance of dark points, which is usually not true of gray. Dapple gray Light and dark areas form a dappled pattern of dark rings with lighter hairs on the inside of the ring, scattered over the entire body of the animal. Not all grays dapple, and it is an intermediate stage, usually seen in young adult horses, often considered highly attractive. The horse will continue to become lighter. Dappled grays should not be confused with the slight dappling "bloom" seen on horses of other colors that are in excellent condition, as "bloom" dapples disappear should the horse lose condition. Late stage graying As grays become lighter with age, a few areas, especially around the flanks and legs, retain some color Complete depigmentation Nearly all hairs are white. A horse at this stage may be done changing color, or may begin to develop fleabitten pigment. Gray horses with a completely white coat can be distinguished from a white horse by their underlying black skin, particularly around the eyes, muzzle, and genital area. Fleabitten gray Flea bitten gray is a color consisting of a white hair coat with small pigmented speckles or "freckles". The flea bitten pattern is seen primarily in heterozygous Grays.
Дақылды сұр: Жарық және қараңғы аймақтар сақина тәрізді үлгі құрайды, сақинаның ішкі жағындағы түктер ақшыл болады, бұл үлгі жануардың бүкіл денесіне шашырап орналасқан. Барлық сұр аттар дақылды болмайды, бұл аралық кезең, көбінесе жас ересектерде байқалады және өте тартымды деп саналады. Жылқының түсі одан әрі ашық бола береді. Дақылды сұр аттарды жақсы күйде болған басқа түсті аттарда байқалатын сәл "гүлденген" дақтармен шатастыруға болмайды, себебі "гүлденген" дақтар жылқының күйі нашарласа, жоғалады.
A gray foal may be born any color. However, bay, chestnut, or black base colors are most often seen. As the horse matures, it "grays out" as white hairs begin to replace the base or birth color. Usually white hairs are first seen by the muzzle, eyes and flanks, occasionally at birth, and usually by the age of one year. Over time, white hairs replace the birth color. The changing patterns of white and dark hairs have many informal names, such as "rose gray," "salt and pepper," "iron gray", or "dapple gray." As the horse ages, the coat continues to lighten, often to a pure white. Some horses develop pigmented reddish brown speckles on an otherwise white hair coat. Such horses are often called "fleabitten gray". Different breeds, and individuals within each breed, take differing amounts of time to gray out. Thus, graying cannot be used to approximate the age of a horse except in the broadest of terms: a very young horse will never have a white coat (unless it is a true white horse), while a horse in its teens usually is completely grayed out. One must also be careful not to confuse the small amount of gray hairs that may appear on some older horses in their late teens or twenties, which do not reflect the gray gene and never cause a complete graying of the horse. This change in hair color means that the same gray horse will appear to be a different color over time, sometimes resulting in a need to change the color noted on breed registry papers. Other times, people traveling with gray horses who have a pure white hair coat have encountered problems with non horse oriented officials such as police officers or border guards who are unclear about a horse who has papers saying it is "gray" when the horse in front of them appears white. To further complicate matters, the skin and eyes may be other colors if influenced by other factors such as white markings, certain white spotting patterns or dilution genes. + Gray color changes Name Image DescriptionFoals Horses in their first year begin to show a few white hairs as their foal coat sheds. Some foals show gray hairs around their eye, muzzle and other "soft" areas at birth, others do not show white hairs until they are almost yearlings. Young gray horses An intermediate stage typically seen in young horses in the early stages of turning gray is when white hairs are mixed with the dark birth color. In horses born black or dark bay, the horse shows mostly black and white hairs intermingled on the body. This is sometimes called "salt and pepper", "iron gray", or "steel gray." This is the most common intermediate form of gray, which can give a silvery look to the coat. A reddish tinge, called a "rose gray", describes this intermediate stage for a horse born a chestnut or bright bay. Young horses just starting to gray out are sometimes confused with roans, but a gray continues to lighten with age, while a roan does not. Roaning also causes fewer white hairs on the legs and head, giving the horse the appearance of dark points, which is usually not true of gray. Dapple gray Light and dark areas form a dappled pattern of dark rings with lighter hairs on the inside of the ring, scattered over the entire body of the animal. Not all grays dapple, and it is an intermediate stage, usually seen in young adult horses, often considered highly attractive. The horse will continue to become lighter. Dappled grays should not be confused with the slight dappling "bloom" seen on horses of other colors that are in excellent condition, as "bloom" dapples disappear should the horse lose condition. Late stage graying As grays become lighter with age, a few areas, especially around the flanks and legs, retain some color Complete depigmentation Nearly all hairs are white. A horse at this stage may be done changing color, or may begin to develop fleabitten pigment. Gray horses with a completely white coat can be distinguished from a white horse by their underlying black skin, particularly around the eyes, muzzle, and genital area. Fleabitten gray Flea bitten gray is a color consisting of a white hair coat with small pigmented speckles or "freckles". The flea bitten pattern is seen primarily in heterozygous Grays.
Кейінгі сатыдағы сұрға айналу: Сұр аттар жасы ұлғайған сайын, кейбір жерлерде, әсіресе бүйірлер мен аяқтардың айналасында, түсі сақталады.
A gray foal may be born any color. However, bay, chestnut, or black base colors are most often seen. As the horse matures, it "grays out" as white hairs begin to replace the base or birth color. Usually white hairs are first seen by the muzzle, eyes and flanks, occasionally at birth, and usually by the age of one year. Over time, white hairs replace the birth color. The changing patterns of white and dark hairs have many informal names, such as "rose gray," "salt and pepper," "iron gray", or "dapple gray." As the horse ages, the coat continues to lighten, often to a pure white. Some horses develop pigmented reddish brown speckles on an otherwise white hair coat. Such horses are often called "fleabitten gray". Different breeds, and individuals within each breed, take differing amounts of time to gray out. Thus, graying cannot be used to approximate the age of a horse except in the broadest of terms: a very young horse will never have a white coat (unless it is a true white horse), while a horse in its teens usually is completely grayed out. One must also be careful not to confuse the small amount of gray hairs that may appear on some older horses in their late teens or twenties, which do not reflect the gray gene and never cause a complete graying of the horse. This change in hair color means that the same gray horse will appear to be a different color over time, sometimes resulting in a need to change the color noted on breed registry papers. Other times, people traveling with gray horses who have a pure white hair coat have encountered problems with non horse oriented officials such as police officers or border guards who are unclear about a horse who has papers saying it is "gray" when the horse in front of them appears white. To further complicate matters, the skin and eyes may be other colors if influenced by other factors such as white markings, certain white spotting patterns or dilution genes. + Gray color changes Name Image DescriptionFoals Horses in their first year begin to show a few white hairs as their foal coat sheds. Some foals show gray hairs around their eye, muzzle and other "soft" areas at birth, others do not show white hairs until they are almost yearlings. Young gray horses An intermediate stage typically seen in young horses in the early stages of turning gray is when white hairs are mixed with the dark birth color. In horses born black or dark bay, the horse shows mostly black and white hairs intermingled on the body. This is sometimes called "salt and pepper", "iron gray", or "steel gray." This is the most common intermediate form of gray, which can give a silvery look to the coat. A reddish tinge, called a "rose gray", describes this intermediate stage for a horse born a chestnut or bright bay. Young horses just starting to gray out are sometimes confused with roans, but a gray continues to lighten with age, while a roan does not. Roaning also causes fewer white hairs on the legs and head, giving the horse the appearance of dark points, which is usually not true of gray. Dapple gray Light and dark areas form a dappled pattern of dark rings with lighter hairs on the inside of the ring, scattered over the entire body of the animal. Not all grays dapple, and it is an intermediate stage, usually seen in young adult horses, often considered highly attractive. The horse will continue to become lighter. Dappled grays should not be confused with the slight dappling "bloom" seen on horses of other colors that are in excellent condition, as "bloom" dapples disappear should the horse lose condition. Late stage graying As grays become lighter with age, a few areas, especially around the flanks and legs, retain some color Complete depigmentation Nearly all hairs are white. A horse at this stage may be done changing color, or may begin to develop fleabitten pigment. Gray horses with a completely white coat can be distinguished from a white horse by their underlying black skin, particularly around the eyes, muzzle, and genital area. Fleabitten gray Flea bitten gray is a color consisting of a white hair coat with small pigmented speckles or "freckles". The flea bitten pattern is seen primarily in heterozygous Grays.
Толық депигментация: Шаштардың көбісі ақ болады. Осы сатыдағы жылқы түсін өзгертуін тоқтатуы немесе құрт шаққан пігменттерді дамытуы мүмкін. Толығымен ақ жүнді сұр аттарды ақ аттан олардың қара терісімен, әсіресе көздерінің, тұмсығының және жыныс мүшелерінің айналасында ажыратуға болады.
A gray foal may be born any color. However, bay, chestnut, or black base colors are most often seen. As the horse matures, it "grays out" as white hairs begin to replace the base or birth color. Usually white hairs are first seen by the muzzle, eyes and flanks, occasionally at birth, and usually by the age of one year. Over time, white hairs replace the birth color. The changing patterns of white and dark hairs have many informal names, such as "rose gray," "salt and pepper," "iron gray", or "dapple gray." As the horse ages, the coat continues to lighten, often to a pure white. Some horses develop pigmented reddish brown speckles on an otherwise white hair coat. Such horses are often called "fleabitten gray". Different breeds, and individuals within each breed, take differing amounts of time to gray out. Thus, graying cannot be used to approximate the age of a horse except in the broadest of terms: a very young horse will never have a white coat (unless it is a true white horse), while a horse in its teens usually is completely grayed out. One must also be careful not to confuse the small amount of gray hairs that may appear on some older horses in their late teens or twenties, which do not reflect the gray gene and never cause a complete graying of the horse. This change in hair color means that the same gray horse will appear to be a different color over time, sometimes resulting in a need to change the color noted on breed registry papers. Other times, people traveling with gray horses who have a pure white hair coat have encountered problems with non horse oriented officials such as police officers or border guards who are unclear about a horse who has papers saying it is "gray" when the horse in front of them appears white. To further complicate matters, the skin and eyes may be other colors if influenced by other factors such as white markings, certain white spotting patterns or dilution genes. + Gray color changes Name Image DescriptionFoals Horses in their first year begin to show a few white hairs as their foal coat sheds. Some foals show gray hairs around their eye, muzzle and other "soft" areas at birth, others do not show white hairs until they are almost yearlings. Young gray horses An intermediate stage typically seen in young horses in the early stages of turning gray is when white hairs are mixed with the dark birth color. In horses born black or dark bay, the horse shows mostly black and white hairs intermingled on the body. This is sometimes called "salt and pepper", "iron gray", or "steel gray." This is the most common intermediate form of gray, which can give a silvery look to the coat. A reddish tinge, called a "rose gray", describes this intermediate stage for a horse born a chestnut or bright bay. Young horses just starting to gray out are sometimes confused with roans, but a gray continues to lighten with age, while a roan does not. Roaning also causes fewer white hairs on the legs and head, giving the horse the appearance of dark points, which is usually not true of gray. Dapple gray Light and dark areas form a dappled pattern of dark rings with lighter hairs on the inside of the ring, scattered over the entire body of the animal. Not all grays dapple, and it is an intermediate stage, usually seen in young adult horses, often considered highly attractive. The horse will continue to become lighter. Dappled grays should not be confused with the slight dappling "bloom" seen on horses of other colors that are in excellent condition, as "bloom" dapples disappear should the horse lose condition. Late stage graying As grays become lighter with age, a few areas, especially around the flanks and legs, retain some color Complete depigmentation Nearly all hairs are white. A horse at this stage may be done changing color, or may begin to develop fleabitten pigment. Gray horses with a completely white coat can be distinguished from a white horse by their underlying black skin, particularly around the eyes, muzzle, and genital area. Fleabitten gray Flea bitten gray is a color consisting of a white hair coat with small pigmented speckles or "freckles". The flea bitten pattern is seen primarily in heterozygous Grays.
Құрт шаққан сұр: Құрт шаққан сұр – ақ жүнді, пігментті ұсақ дақтардан тұратын түс. Бұл үлгі көбінесе гетерозиготалы сұр аттарда байқалады.
A gray foal may be born any color. However, bay, chestnut, or black base colors are most often seen. As the horse matures, it "grays out" as white hairs begin to replace the base or birth color. Usually white hairs are first seen by the muzzle, eyes and flanks, occasionally at birth, and usually by the age of one year. Over time, white hairs replace the birth color. The changing patterns of white and dark hairs have many informal names, such as "rose gray," "salt and pepper," "iron gray", or "dapple gray." As the horse ages, the coat continues to lighten, often to a pure white. Some horses develop pigmented reddish brown speckles on an otherwise white hair coat. Such horses are often called "fleabitten gray". Different breeds, and individuals within each breed, take differing amounts of time to gray out. Thus, graying cannot be used to approximate the age of a horse except in the broadest of terms: a very young horse will never have a white coat (unless it is a true white horse), while a horse in its teens usually is completely grayed out. One must also be careful not to confuse the small amount of gray hairs that may appear on some older horses in their late teens or twenties, which do not reflect the gray gene and never cause a complete graying of the horse. This change in hair color means that the same gray horse will appear to be a different color over time, sometimes resulting in a need to change the color noted on breed registry papers. Other times, people traveling with gray horses who have a pure white hair coat have encountered problems with non horse oriented officials such as police officers or border guards who are unclear about a horse who has papers saying it is "gray" when the horse in front of them appears white. To further complicate matters, the skin and eyes may be other colors if influenced by other factors such as white markings, certain white spotting patterns or dilution genes. + Gray color changes Name Image DescriptionFoals Horses in their first year begin to show a few white hairs as their foal coat sheds. Some foals show gray hairs around their eye, muzzle and other "soft" areas at birth, others do not show white hairs until they are almost yearlings. Young gray horses An intermediate stage typically seen in young horses in the early stages of turning gray is when white hairs are mixed with the dark birth color. In horses born black or dark bay, the horse shows mostly black and white hairs intermingled on the body. This is sometimes called "salt and pepper", "iron gray", or "steel gray." This is the most common intermediate form of gray, which can give a silvery look to the coat. A reddish tinge, called a "rose gray", describes this intermediate stage for a horse born a chestnut or bright bay. Young horses just starting to gray out are sometimes confused with roans, but a gray continues to lighten with age, while a roan does not. Roaning also causes fewer white hairs on the legs and head, giving the horse the appearance of dark points, which is usually not true of gray. Dapple gray Light and dark areas form a dappled pattern of dark rings with lighter hairs on the inside of the ring, scattered over the entire body of the animal. Not all grays dapple, and it is an intermediate stage, usually seen in young adult horses, often considered highly attractive. The horse will continue to become lighter. Dappled grays should not be confused with the slight dappling "bloom" seen on horses of other colors that are in excellent condition, as "bloom" dapples disappear should the horse lose condition. Late stage graying As grays become lighter with age, a few areas, especially around the flanks and legs, retain some color Complete depigmentation Nearly all hairs are white. A horse at this stage may be done changing color, or may begin to develop fleabitten pigment. Gray horses with a completely white coat can be distinguished from a white horse by their underlying black skin, particularly around the eyes, muzzle, and genital area. Fleabitten gray Flea bitten gray is a color consisting of a white hair coat with small pigmented speckles or "freckles". The flea bitten pattern is seen primarily in heterozygous Grays.
Сұр түсті гендер
Сұр ген (G) – аутосомалық доминантты ген. Сұр ген тері мен көз түсіне әсер етпейді, сондықтан сұр жылқылардың көбінесе қара терісі мен көзі болады, ал ақ жылқылардың пигментсіз, қызғылт терісінен өзгеше. 2008 жылы Швецияның Уппсала университетінің зерттеушілері ақ түске өту процесін анықтайтын генетикалық мутацияны анықтады. Зерттеу көрсетті, барлық сұр жылқылардың бірдей мутациясы бар, оның тамыры кемінде екі мың жыл бұрынғы ортақ атадан бастау алады. Сұр түстің бір жануармен байланысты екендігінің анықталуы, адамдардың үй жануарларындағы тартымды мутацияларды қалай іріктеп алғанын көрсетеді. Зерттеушілер «fleabitten» сұр түстің пигментті дақтарын, сондай-ақ «қан» белгілері деп аталатын күңгірт қызыл қоңыр түсті аймақтардың, кейбір соматикалық жасушаларда сұр аллелінің жоғалуы немесе инактивациялануынан туындауы мүмкін екенін болжайды, себебі осы дақтар гетерозиготалық сұр жылқыларда гомозиготалықтарға қарағанда жиі кездеседі. Өсу жылдамдығы түріне байланысты, көпшілігі баяу өседі, бірақ уақыт өте келе, олардың көпшілігі қатерлі меланомаға айналады. Сұр гендерді зерттеу ісік дамуына әкелетін молекулалық жолды көрсетті. Сұр жылқының меланомасында STX17 және NR4A3 гендерінің экспрессиясы жоғарылаған, ал ASIP (агути сигналды ақуыз) функциясының жоғалу мутациясын тасымалдаушыларда меланома жиілігі жоғары болды, бұл меланокортин 1 рецепторының сигналды күшейтуі сұр жылқыда меланома дамуын ынталандырады дегенді көрсетеді.
The gray gene (G) is an autosomal dominant gene. The gray gene does not affect skin or eye color, so grays typically have dark skin and eyes, as opposed to the unpigmented pink skin of white horses. In 2008, researchers at Uppsala University in Sweden identified the genetic mutation that governs the graying process. The study revealed that all gray horses carry an identical mutation that can be traced back to a common ancestor that lived at least two thousand years ago. The discovery that gray can be linked to a single animal provides an example of how humans have "cherry picked" attractive mutations in domestic animals. Researchers suggest the pigmented speckles of the "fleabitten" gray, as well as more intense reddish brown colored areas called "blood" markings, may be caused by a loss or inactivation of the gray allele in some of the somatic cells as that would explain why the speckles are more common on heterozygous grays than homozygotes. Growth rate depends on the type, and many are slow growing, but over time, many develop into a malignant melanoma. The study of gray genetics has pointed to a molecular pathway that may lead to tumour development. Both STX17 and the neighboring NR4A3 gene are overexpressed in melanomas from gray horses, and those carrying a loss of function mutation in ASIP (agouti signaling protein) had a higher incidence of melanoma, implying that increased melanocortin 1 receptor signaling promotes melanoma development in Gray horses.
Ақ аттар
Жылқымен таныс емес көптеген адамдар сұр жылқыны "ақ" деп атайды. Дегенмен, көптеген ақ жылқылардың терісі қызғылт, ал кейбіреулерінің көзі көк болады. Ақ түсті жүнінің астында қара терісі және қара көзі бар жылқы сұр болып есептеледі. Бірақ, гомозиготалық кремдік түстес негізгі түсі бар сұр жылқы, қызғылт тері, көк көз және ақ түске жақын жүнімен тууы мүмкін. Мұндай жағдайларда, жылқының генетикасын анықтау үшін ДНК-тестілеу қажет болуы мүмкін.
Many people who are unfamiliar with horses refer to a gray horse as "white". However, most white horses have pink skin and some have blue eyes. A horse with dark skin and dark eyes under a white hair coat is gray. However, a gray horse with an underlying homozygous cream base coat color may be born with rosy pink skin, blue eyes and near white hair. In such cases, DNA testing may clarify the genetics of the horse.
Роан
Кейбір аралық сатыдағы сұр түсті аттарды роан немесе рабиканомен шатастыру мүмкін. Қатты күміс түсті (құртқаны бар) сұр аттарды да роанмен шатастыруға болады. Дегенмен, роанды сұрдан оңай ажыратуға болады: роан – қара негізгі түсінде шашыраңқы ақ түктерден тұрады, әдетте, жылқының басы мен аяқтары денесінің қалған бөлігінен қараңғырақ болады. Рабикано аттардың денесінде де қара басымен араластырылған ақ түктер болады. Сұр аттарда бас, әсіресе көздері мен тұмсығының айналасы, көбінесе бірінші болып ақсай бастайды. Сонымен қатар, роан аттардың түсі қартайған сайын өспейді, ал сұр аттардың түсі әрқашан ағарады. Лакты роан – бұл тағы бір ерекше түс, ол кейде Аппалуза жылқыларында кездеседі, ол сұр сияқты жасына қарай өзгеруі мүмкін, бірақ сұрдан айырмашылығы, ат толығымен ақ түске енгенше біртіндеп ақсамайды. Лакты роандар Аппалуза сияқты тұқымдардағы дақ кешенінің әсерінен пайда болады және басқа жерлерде сирек кездеседі.
Some grays in intermediate stages of graying may be confused with a roan or a rabicano. Some heavily fleabitten grays may also be confused with roans. However, roans are easily distinguishable from grays: roan consists of individual white hairs on a dark base coat, usually with the head and legs of the horse darker than the rest of the body. Rabicanos also have intermixed white hairs primarily on the body with a dark head. With gray horses, the head is often the first area to lighten, especially around the eyes and muzzle. Also, roans do not lighten with age, while grays always do. The varnish roan is another unusual coloration, sometimes seen in Appaloosa horses, that, like gray, can change with age, but unlike gray, the horse does not become progressively lighter until it is pure white. Varnish roans are created by the action of leopard complex within breeds such as the Appaloosa and are seldom seen elsewhere.
Сұйытылған бояулар
Дун, крем, жемшөп, күміс жапырақ және шампандық түстерін құрайтын сұйыту гендері кейде сұр түспен шатасуы мүмкін. Кейбір жылқылардың "көк дун" (blue dun), "грулло" (grullo) немесе "мышы дун" (mouse dun) деп аталатын ерекше түсті киімдері қатты сұр түс сияқты көрінеді. Дегенмен, бұл түс қара түске әсер ететін дун генінің нәтижесінде пайда болады, және дун түсті жылқылардың барлық түктері бір түсті болады; ақ және қара түстер араласпайды. Сонымен қатар, дун түсті жылқылар жасы ұлғайған сайын ақспайды. Ашық кремді түсті жылқылар да сұр емес. Бұл әдетте кремелло, перлино немесе түтінді крем жылқылары, олардың барлығы крем генінің әсерінен пайда болады. Бірақ, егер сұр түсті ата-ана генді берсе, түктері басқа сұр түстілер сияқты ақ түске айналады. Тағы бір кремді сұйыту – жемшөп гені немесе "барлинк факторы", ол да өте ашық түсті жылқыларды тудыруы мүмкін. Сол сияқты, шампандық гені де түссіздендіруге қабілетті, көбінесе сұр түске ұқсайтын дақтарды немесе ашық түстерді тудырады. Аты айтқандай, күміс жапырақ генінің сұр түске еш қатысы жоқ. Бұл қара түске ғана әсер ететін, түсті қара қоңыр түске, ал жалынды зығыр түске сұйытатын ген. Күміс жапырақ генін көрсететін (бірақ сұр гені жоқ) жылқылар сол түсте туады және ол ақспайды. Алайда, егер ата-анасының бірі сұр генді берсе, сұр ген қайтадан басымдық танытады.
The dilution genes that create dun, cream, pearl, silver dapple and champagne coloring may occasionally result in confusion with gray. Some horses with a particular type of dun hair coat known as a "blue dun", grullo, or "mouse" dun appear to be a solid gray. However, this color is caused by the dun gene acting on a black base coat, and horses who are dun have all hairs the same color; there is no intermingling of white and dark hairs. Also, dun horses do not get lighter as they age. Horses that are a light cream color are also not grays. These are usually cremello, perlino or smoky cream horses, all colors produced by the action of the cream gene. However, if a gray parent passes on the gene, the hairs will turn white like any other gray. Another cream colored dilution, the pearl gene or "barlink factor", may also create very light coated horses. Similarly, the champagne gene can lighten coat color, often producing dappling or light colors that can be confused with gray. In spite of its name, the silver dapple gene has nothing to do with graying. It is a dilution gene that acts only on a black coat, diluting the coat to a dark brown and the mane to a flaxen shade. Horses that express the silver dapple gene (and do not have the gray gene) are born that color and it will not lighten. However, again, if one parent passes on the gray gene, the gray gene will again be dominant.
Мифология
Тарих бойында ақ және сұр аттар мифтерде бейнеленген. Мифтердегі сұр жылқы жеті бас (Учайшрава) немесе сегіз аяқ (Слейпнир) болып, кейде топтап немесе жалғыз көрсетілген. Сондай-ақ, қауіпті болжап немесе ескертетін сұр аттар туралы мифологиялық әңгімелер де бар.
Throughout history, both gray and white horses have been mythologized. As part of its legendary dimension, the gray horse in myth has been depicted with seven heads (Uchaishravas) or eight feet (Sleipnir), sometimes in groups or singly. There are also mythological tales of divinatory gray horses who prophesy or warn of danger.