Метил ацетаты: қасиеттері мен қолданылуы

chembox
|Verifiedfields = changed
|Watchedfields = changed
|verifiedrevid = 477004208
|Reference=
|Name = Methyl acetate
|ImageFile = Methyl acetate 2D skeletal. svg
|ImageSize = 150px
|ImageAlt = Skeletal formula of methyl acetate
|ImageFile1 = Methyl acetate from xtal 3D bs 17. png
|ImageSize1 = 180px
|ImageAlt1 = Ball and stick model of the methyl acetate molecule
|PIN = Methyl acetate
|SystematicName = Methyl ethanoate
|OtherNames = Methyl ester of acetic acid
|Section1=
|Section2=Chembox Properties
|C=3 | H=6 | O=2
|Density = 0.932 g cm−3
|Appearance = Colorless liquid
|Odor = Fragrant, fruity
|LD50 = 3700 mg/kg (oral, rabbit)
|PEL = TWA 200 ppm (610 mg/m3)

Methyl acetate is produced industrially via the carbonylation of methanol as a byproduct of the production of acetic acid. Methyl acetate also arises by esterification of acetic acid with methanol in the presence of strong acids such as sulfuric acid; this production process is famous because of Eastman Kodak's intensified process using a reactive distillation.

In the presence of strong bases such as sodium hydroxide or strong acids such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid it is hydrolyzed back into methanol and acetic acid, especially at elevated temperature. The conversion of methyl acetate back into its components, by an acid, is a first order reaction with respect to the ester. The reaction of methyl acetate and a base, for example sodium hydroxide, is a second order reaction with respect to both reactants. Methyl acetate is a Lewis base that forms 1:1 adducts with a variety of Lewis acids. It is classified as a hard base and is a base in the ECW model with EB =1.63 and CB = 0.95.

A major use of methyl acetate is as a volatile low toxicity solvent in glues, paints, and nail polish removers. Acetic anhydride is produced by carbonylation of methyl acetate in a process that was inspired by the Monsanto acetic acid synthesis.