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Japanese novel and its adaptations
the Japanese novel

Candy Candy (キャンディ・キャンディ) is a Japanese series created by Japanese writer Keiko Nagita under the pen name Kyoko Mizuki. The main character, Candice "Candy" White Ardley, is a blonde girl with freckles, large emerald green eyes and long hair, worn in pigtails with bows. Candy Candy first appeared as a manga in April 1975, written by Mizuki and illustrated by manga artist Yumiko Igarashi, a collaboration which was put together by the Japanese magazine Nakayoshi who were interested in recreating a "masterpiece" manga in the same vein as Heidi, Anne of Green Gables and other famous classic titles of literature read predominantly by young girls. The manga series ran for four years The story was adapted into an anime series by Toei Animation. She spends the first years of her life at the orphanage, to where she would often return to repose and to decide the next course in her life. When Candy was 6 years old, Annie, her best friend at the orphanage, is adopted. Without her friend, Candy runs to Pony's Hill while crying. There she briefly meets a mysterious boy dressed in a Scottish kilt and carrying a bagpipe, who tells her she is more beautiful when she laughs. Candy retains fond memories of that boy. She remembers him as the "Prince on the Hill". After he disappears, Candy finds a badge left behind by the "Prince"; this becomes her happiness talisman later in life. When she turns 12, Candy is taken in by the Leagan family as a companion for their daughter Eliza. The Leagans treat her poorly and eventually make Candy a servant girl. Whilst there, Candy also meets three boys; Anthony Brown, who looks exactly like the "Prince on the Hill", and the Cornwell brothers, the inventive Alistair and the flamboyant Archibald (Stair and Archie). They all become smitten with Candy and become friends. Candy has special feelings for Anthony, and he is her "first, innocent love". This does not go unnoticed by Eliza, who is also interested in Anthony, and she wants desperately to send Candy away. Both her and her brother Neal bully Candy at every opportunity. On one such an occasion, the two siblings plot against Candy, and she ends up being accused of stealing, causing her to run away. She wants to return to Pony's Home, but falls asleep inside a small boat and is in danger of falling off a waterfall. A mysterious bearded man who lives in a hut with animals saves her, introducing himself as Albert. Candy feels how kind this man is and he leaves a deep impression on her. Candy returns to the Leagans, and as a punishment for "stealing" she is sent away to work on their family farm in Mexico. Through the efforts of her friends, who write a letter to their rich Great Uncle William Ardlay, the head of the Ardlay clan, Candy is rescued when Great Uncle William adopts her. His true identity remains a mystery until the end of the story. During Candy's adoption party, Anthony dies in a hunting accident when he was thrown off his horse. Candy is completely distraught and decides she wants to return to Pony's Home. Georges, the personal assistant to Great Uncle William, appears one day and asks Candy to come with him. Great Uncle William will be sending her, along with Archie, Stair and the Leagan siblings, to London to study at the prestigious St. Paul's College. It is here she meets and falls desperately in love with Terrence (Terrius/Terry) Granchester, the illegitimate child of a British Duke and an American Broadway actress, Eleanor Baker. Candy sees him for the first time, crying, on New Year's Eve whilst both are aboard the boat to London. Terry is Candy's "second and passionate love that has to be broken even if feelings still exist". Circumstances divide the pair when Eliza Leagan schemes to have Candy expelled from St. Paul's by manipulating them into a scandal. After the scandal, Terry leaves St. Paul's to protect Candy's reputation and pursue his aspiration to become a Shakespearean actor. When Candy finds out, she also decides to leave the school in order to find her own path in life. She is hopeful she will meet Terry again as both embark on their individual life journeys in the United States. Candy is training to become a nurse in Chicago around the time of World War I, The novels have been translated in their entirety by Western fans but the translations confirmed that, true to her artistic form, Kyoko Mizuki did not provide concrete closure to the story. Yet, in the last letter that closed out the novel, Candy was still an optimistic, life loving and cheerful heroine. In 2010, Kyoko Mizuki, under her real name Keiko Nagita, rewrote from the start and published the "Candy Candy Final Story" (CCFS). CCFS was published in two volumes and not three volumes as the earlier novels. She announced that this was her final effort to tell the story as she always intended from the beginning, without the influence of the manga illustrator or the manga production team. In broad lines most of the plot of the story remains the same as with the previous novel editions, with many minor details having been changed. The most significant change is Susanna's death and Terry's letter which comes right after the death of the actress in the book. The style of the writing also is more mature and sophisticated. Keiko Nagita herself has said this novel edition is for Candy's fans who are now adults. Furthermore, she specifies that she wants her readers to imagine the characters' appearances based on the manga illustrations of Yumiko Igarashi as there are almost no such descriptions found in her own novel. The novel’s body ends with a letter from Terry to Candy. Terrence is the only one in the story that Candy states to be in love with. In that letter Terry makes know Candy that nothing within him has changed. The final section of the novel or "Epilogue" is where a series of letters are exchanged between Candy and Albert. They describe the aftermath from the revelations about Albert being the Great Uncle William and the Prince of the Hill. Albert's past is also explored, as a young boy in the Ardlay clan and how he became the mysterious Great Uncle William. Candy includes a recollection of her (unsent) letter to Anthony where she reflects upon her life thus far. Keiko Nagita also added a final scene where Candy, in her thirties and living near Avon river, greets her beloved as he enters their home. The man's name is never revealed, but Nagita said that she was satisfied knowing that Candy now lived a happy life with that mystery man. Most of the readers think that the mystery man is Terrence. Even though, the discussion between the fandoms (Albert and Terry) is still open on social media. In 2015, the Italian publisher Kappalab obtained the copyright to publish CCFS in its entirety in Italian. The first volume was published in early 2015. The second volume was released in summer 2015. Later, the book was published in Spanish under Arechi publishing.

Announcement of the Candy Candy manga appeared in the March 1975 issue of Nakayoshi. The first chapter was published in April 1975, and continued until the last chapter in March 1979. However, the story did not appear in the November 1975, December 1976, January 1978 and June 1978 issues. The manga was published in 9 volumes.

After the manga had become popular among Japanese girls, an anime series was produced for NET (now known as TV Asahi) that was originally aired on Fridays from October 1, 1976 to February 2, 1979. The anime has 115 episodes which run for 25 minutes each, and it had a wide popularity in Europe, Asia and Latin America. There are three animated short films: Candy Candy: The Call of Spring/The May Festival (1978), Candy Candy's Summer Vacation (1978) and Candy Candy the Movie (1992).

In 1981, a Korean drama/family live action film based on the series was produced by Chu ji Choi, directed by In hyeon Choi, and written by Man Izawa. Shin hie Choi starred, alongside Do hie Kim, Hyo jeong Eom, Bo geun Song and Eun suk Yu. Due to licensing issue, the film only made it on domestic release.

An Indonesian production house Sinemart made modern adaptation titled Candy. It was produced by Leo Sutanto and directed by Widi Wijaya aired on channel RCTI in 2007 starring Rachel Amanda, Nimaz Dewantary, Lucky Perdana & Bobby Joseph.