Кіріспе
Вирустың түрі Хендра вирусы (Hendra henipavirus) – тек Австралияда ғана таралған зооноздық вирус. 1994 жылы алғаш рет бөліп алынғаннан бері, бұл вирус үй жануарларындағы және жеті адамдағы аурудың көптеген жағдайларымен байланысты. Хендра вирусы Henipavirus туысына жатады, оған зооноздық Нипах вирусы да кіреді. Хендра вирусының табиғи қорлары – Австралияға тән Pteropus туысына жататын төрт түрлі жартар.
Species of virus
Hendra virus (Hendra henipavirus) is a zoonotic virus found solely in Australia. First isolated in 1994, the virus has since been connected to numerous outbreaks of disease in domestic horses and seven human cases. Hendra virus belongs to the genus Henipavirus, which also contains the zoonotic Nipah virus. The reservoir species of Hendra virus are four species of bat within the genus Pteropus native to Australia.
Hendra virus (Hendra henipavirus) is a zoonotic virus found solely in Australia. First isolated in 1994, the virus has since been connected to numerous outbreaks of disease in domestic horses and seven human cases. Hendra virus belongs to the genus Henipavirus, which also contains the zoonotic Nipah virus. The reservoir species of Hendra virus are four species of bat within the genus Pteropus native to Australia.
Патология
Эксперименттік түрде Хендра вирусымен жұқтырылған жеміс жегіш жабырқақтар (flying foxes) вируэмияға ұшырап, шамамен бір апта бойы вирусты зәр, нәжіс және сілекей арқылы бөліп шығарады. Оларда басқа ешқандай ауру белгісі байқалмайды. Адамдарда Хендра вирусымен жұғудың симптомдары тыныс алу жүйесіне қатысты болуы мүмкін, оның ішінде өкпеден қан кету және ісіну, ал кейбір жағдайларда вирустық менингит дамуы мүмкін. Жылқыларда инфекция көбінесе өкпе ісінуі, қан тоқтауы және неврологиялық белгілердің бірін немесе бірнешеуін тудырады. Эфрин B2 генипавирустардың басты рецепторы ретінде анықталды.
Flying foxes experimentally infected with the Hendra virus develop a viraemia and shed the virus in their urine, faeces and saliva for approximately one week. There is no other indication of an illness in them. Symptoms of Hendra virus infection of humans may be respiratory, including hemorrhage and edema of the lungs, or in some cases viral meningitis. In horses, infection usually causes one or more of pulmonary oedema, congestion and neurological signs. Ephrin B2 has been identified as the main receptor for the henipaviruses.
Беріліс
Ұшқан түлкілер Хендра вирусының табиғи резервуары ретінде анықталды. Ұшқан түлкілерде 47% серопреваленция анықталды, бұл Австралияның бүкіл аумағындағы жарғанаттар арасында эндемикалық инфекцияның бар екенін көрсетеді. Жұқтырған ұшқан түлкінің дене сұйықтықтарына (несеп, нәжіс немесе ұшқан түлкінің сілекейімен жабылған шайналған жемістер) байланысқанда жылқылар Хендра вирусына шалдығады. Бұл көбінесе жылқылар ұшқан түлкілердің қоныс тепкен жерлердің астындағы шөптің арасында жайылымдағанда болады. 2021 жылы Австралияда екі ұшқан түлкі түрінен "Хендра вирусының генотипі 2" (HeV g2) деп аталатын Хендра вирусының жаңа варианты табылды. Ол басқа жарияланған Хендра вирусы геномдарымен 84% реттілік гомологияны бөліседі.
Flying foxes have been identified as the reservoir host of Hendra virus. A seroprevalence of 47% is found in the flying foxes, suggesting an endemic infection of the bat population throughout Australia. Horses become infected with Hendra after exposure to bodily fluid from an infected flying fox. This often happens in the form of urine, feces, or masticated fruit covered in the flying fox's saliva when horses graze below roosting sites. In 2021 a new variant of Hendra virus named "Hendra virus genotype 2" (HeV g2) was identified in two flying fox species in Australia. It shares 84% sequence homology to other published Hendra virus genomes.
Алдын алу, анықтау және емдеу
Қазіргі уақытта адамдар үшін қауіпті азайту үшін үш негізгі тәсіл қолданылады. Жылқыларға арналған вакцина. 2012 жылдың қарашасында жылқыларға арналған вакцина қолжетімді болды. Вакцина тек жылқыларда ғана қолданылуы тиіс, себебі CSIRO ветеринарлық патологы доктор Дебора Миддлтонның айтуынша, ұшқан түлкіден жылқыға жұқтыру циклын үзу оны адамдарға жұқтырудан сақтайды, сондай-ақ "адамдарға арналған вакцинаға тағы көп жылдар қажет". Вакцина Хендра вирусын бейтараптандыратын суббұрыш вакцинасы болып табылады және Хендра вирусының G бетіндегі антигеннің ерітілетін түрінен тұрады, сонымен қатар ол тояқтарда сәтті сыналып көрілді. 2014 жылдың желтоқсанына дейін 100 000-нан астам жылқыға 300 000 доза вакцина салынды. 1000-нан 3-іне жуық жағдайда жағымсыз әсерлер тіркелді, көбінесе инъекция жасалған жерде ісіну байқалды. Өлім жағдайлары тіркелген жоқ. 2015 жылдың тамызында Австралияның Пестицидтер мен Ветеринариялық Дәрілер Басқармасы (APVMA) вакцинаны тіркеді. Австралия үкіметі өз мәлімдемесінде тіркелген жағымсыз әсерлер туралы барлық деректерді жариялады. 2016 жылдың қаңтарында APVMA оны жүкті биелерге қолдануға рұқсат берді. Жылқыларда ауруды жылдам диагностикалауға көмектесетін жылдам тест. Хендра вирусын анықтау бойынша зерттеулер жалғасып жатқанмен, антиденелерге конъюгацияланған магниттік бөлшектер мен кванттық нүктелерді пайдалану арқылы үміт беруші нәтижелер алынды. Жұқтырғаннан кейінгі емдеу. Нипа және Хендра вирустары – 1990 жылдары жартастардан пайда болған, адамдар мен үй жануарларында өлімге әкелетін жақын туыс парамиксовирустар. Ұлттық аллергия және жұқпалы аурулар институты (NIAID) вирустардың ерітілетін G гликопротеиндеріне негізделген Нипа және Хендра вирустарына қарсы вакциналарды, адъюванттармен бірге әзірледі. Екі вакцина да әртүрлі зертханалық жануарларда күшті нейтрализациялық антиденелерді тудыратыны көрсетілді. 2015 жылы Хендра вирусына шалдыққан жылқыларға қосымша ем ретінде қолдануға болатын моноклоналды антиденені бағалау үшін сынақтар басталды. Орманды жоюдың әсері. Кез келген зоонозды қарастырғанда, осы жұқтыруды жеңілдететін әлеуметтік, экологиялық және биологиялық факторларды түсіну қажет. Хендра вирусының маусымдық байланысы бар деп есептеледі және ұшқан түлкі жарғанақтарында Хендра вирусының таралу жиілігі мен олардың көбею уақыты арасында байланыс бар деген болжам бар. Сонымен қатар, соңғы зерттеулер Австралиядағы орманды жоюдың күшеюі Хендра вирусының таралуының артуына әкелуі мүмкін екенін көрсетеді. Ұшқан түлкі жарғанақтары жылдың көп бөлігінде ағаштарда тамақтанады. Алайда, аймақта жеміс ағаштарының жетіспеуіне байланысты, бұл жарғанақтар басқа жерге көшіп, жылқылармен жиірек қарым-қатынас жасайды. 2011 және 2013 жылдары Хендра вирусының ең соңғы екі ошағы жарғанақтар арасындағы тамақтандыру стресінің жоғары деңгейімен, сондай-ақ жарғанақтар популяциясының көшірілуімен байланысты. Қазіргі уақытта жылқыларға вакцинацияны арттыру және ұшқан түлкі жарғанақтарының тамақтану орындары ретінде осы маңызды орманды қайта отырғызу жұмыстары жүргізілуде. Осы шаралар арқылы өте қауіпті Хендра вирусының таралуын азайту мақсаты көзделуде. Бірінші жағдай, Драма сериясы деп аталған, Каннон Хиллдегі падоктан әкелінген бие, ауырғаннан кейін 19 басқа жылқымен бірге орналастырылды және екі күннен кейін қайтыс болды. Кейіннен барлық жылқылар ауырып, 13-і қайтыс болды. Қалған алты жануар инфекцияның қайталануын және одан әрі таралудың алдын алу үшін эвтаназияланды. Екінші ошақ 1994 жылдың тамызында (бірінші ошақтан бұрын) Брисбеннен 1000 км солтүстікке қарай Макейде тіркелді, нәтижесінде екі жылқы мен олардың иесі қайтыс болды. Иесі жылқыларды өлтіру кезінде көмектесті, үш аптадан кейін менингиттен ауырып, ауруханаға түсті. Ол жазылып шықты, бірақ 14 айдан кейін неврологиялық белгілер пайда болып, қайтыс болды. Бұл ошақ пациенттің миында Хендра вирусының анықталуы арқылы кейіннен диагностикаланды.
Three main approaches are currently followed to reduce the risk to humans. Vaccine for horses. In November 2012, a vaccine became available for horses. The vaccine is to be used in horses only, since, according to CSIRO veterinary pathologist Dr Deborah Middleton, breaking the transmission cycle from flying foxes to horses prevents it from passing to humans, as well as, "a vaccine for people would take many more years." The vaccine is a subunit vaccine that neutralises Hendra virus and is composed of a soluble version of the G surface antigen on Hendra virus and has been successful in ferret models. By December 2014, about 300 000 doses had been administered to more than 100 000 horses. About 3 in 1000 had reported incidents; the majority being localised swelling at the injection site. There had been no reported deaths. In August 2015, the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) registered the vaccine. In its statement the Australian government agency released all its data on reported side effects. In January 2016, APVMA approved its use in pregnant mares. Stall side test to assist in diagnosing the disease in horses rapidly. Although the research on the Hendra virus detection is ongoing, a promising result has found using antibody conjugated magnetic particles and quantum dots. Post exposure treatment for humans. Nipah virus and Hendra virus are closely related paramyxoviruses that emerged from bats during the 1990s to cause deadly outbreaks in humans and domesticated animals. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) supported investigators developed vaccines for Nipah and Hendra virus based on the soluble G glycoproteins of the viruses formulated with adjuvants. Both vaccines have been shown to induce strong neutralizing antibodies in different laboratory animals. Trials began in 2015 to evaluate a monoclonal antibody to be used as a possible complementary treatment for humans exposed to Hendra virus infected horses. Deforestation Impact. When considering any zoonosis, one must understand the social, ecological, and biological contributions that may be facilitating this spillover. Hendra virus is believed to be partially seasonally related, and there is a suggested correlation between breeding time and an increase in the incidence of Hendra virus in flying fox bats. Additionally, recent research suggests that the upsurge in deforestation within Australia may be leading to an increase in the incidence of Hendra virus. Flying fox bats tend to feed in trees during a large part of the year. However, due to the lack of specific fruit trees within the area, these bats are having to relocate and thereby are coming into contact with horses more often. The two most recent outbreaks of Hendra virus in 2011 and 2013 appear to be related to an increased level of nutritional stress among the bats as well as relocation of bat populations. Work is currently being done to increase vaccination among horses as well as replant these important forests as feeding grounds for the flying fox bats. Through these measures, the goal is to decrease the incidences of the highly fatal Hendra virus. The index case, a mare called Drama Series, brought in from a paddock in Cannon Hill, was housed with 19 other horses after falling ill, and died two days later. Subsequently, all of the horses became ill, with 13 dying. The remaining six animals were subsequently euthanised as a way of preventing relapsing infection and possible further transmission. A second outbreak occurred in August 1994 (chronologically preceding the first outbreak) in Mackay 1,000 km north of Brisbane resulting in the deaths of two horses and their owner. The owner assisted in necropsies of the horses, and within three weeks was admitted to hospital suffering from meningitis. He recovered, but 14 months later developed neurologic signs and died. This outbreak was diagnosed retrospectively by the presence of Hendra virus in the brain of the patient.
Аустралиядағы індет
2014 жылдың маусым айына дейін Австралияда Хендра вирусының таралуының жалпы саны елуге жетті, барлық жағдайларда жылқылар жұқтырды. Осы оқиғалардың нәтижесінде сексен үш жылқы өлді немесе евтаназияланды. Тағы төрт жылқы Хендра инфекциясының салдарынан өлді немесе евтаназияланды. Адамдар арасындағы өлім-жітім көрсеткіші 60%, ал жылқыларда 75% құрайды. Төрт жағдайда вирус жұқтырған жылқылармен тікелей байланыс нәтижесінде адамдарға жұқты. 2011 жылдың 26 шілдесінде Mt Alford шаруашылығындағы иттің HeV антиденелері анықталды, бұл ұшқыш түлкілерден, жылқылардан немесе адамдардан басқа жануардың тәжірибеден тыс жағдайда оң нәтиже көрсеткенінің алғашқы жағдайы болды. Осы оқиғалардың барлығы Австралияның шығыс жағалауында болды, ең солтүстік жағдай Квинсленд штатындағы Кэрнсте, ал ең оңтүстік жағдай Жаңа Оңтүстік Уэльстегі Кемпсиде тіркелді. 2011 жылдың шілдесінде Квинсленд штатының Чинчилла қаласындағы жағдайға дейін барлық ошақтар төрт құрлықтағы ұшқыш түлкілердің (жеміс жегіштердің) кемінде екеуінің таралу аймағында орналасқан болатын: кішкентай қызыл ұшқыш түлкі (Pteropus scapulatus), қара ұшқыш түлкі (Pteropus alecto), сұр бас ұшқыш түлкі (Pteropus poliocephalus) және көзілдірік ұшқыш түлкі (Pteropus conspicillatus). Чинчилла қаласы тек кішкентай қызыл ұшқыш түлкінің таралу аймағында орналасқан және Ұлы бөлініс тауынан батысқа қарай орналасқан. Бұл жылқыларда инфекцияның анықталған ең батыс нүктесі. Оқиғалардың уақыты індеттің маусымдық сипаттамасын көрсетеді. Алғашқыда бұл кішкентай қызыл ұшқыш түлкілердің көбею циклымен байланысты деп есептелді. Бұл түрлер әдетте сәуір және мамыр айларында туады. Алайда кейіннен көзілдірік ұшқыш түлкі мен қара ұшқыш түлкі инфекцияның таралуына көбірек қатысы бар түрлер ретінде анықталды. Індеттің таралу уақыты да суық айларда, температура мен ылғалдылықтың қоршаған ортада вирустың ұзаққа созылуына қолайлы болуы мүмкін кезеңдерде көбірек байқалады. Жарғақтардан тікелей адамдарға жұғу туралы деректер жоқ, сондықтан адамдарға жұғу тек аралық жануар – жылқы арқылы ғана жүреді. Осыған қарамастан, 2014 жылы Жаңа Оңтүстік Уэльс штатының үкіметі ұшқыш түлкілердің қоныстарын жоюға рұқсат берді.
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
Австралиядағы Хендра індеттерінің тізімі
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
Күндері Жері Деректер Өлім (адам) Өлім (ат)
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
1994 жылдың тамызы Маккей, Квинсленд Екі жылқы мен бір адамның өлімі, Марк Престон. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2004 жылдың 1 қазаны Гордонвейл, Кэрнс, Квинсленд Бір жылқының өлімі. Жылқының аутопсиясын жасаған ветеринар Хендра вирусымен жұқтырылып, жеңіл ауруға шалдықты. 0
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2004 жылдың 1 желтоқсаны Таунсвилл, Квинсленд Бір жылқының өлімі. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2007 жылдың шілдесі Пичестер, Саншайн-Кост, Квинсленд Бір жылқының жұқтыруы (эвтаназияланды).
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2007 жылдың шілдесі Клифтон-Бич, Кэрнс, Квинсленд Бір жылқының жұқтыруы (эвтаназияланды).
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2008 жылдың шілдесі Редлендс, Квинсленд Бес жылқының өлімі; төрт жылқы Хендра вирусынан қайтыс болды, ал қалған жануар жазылып, бірақ денсаулыққа қауіп төндіретін антиденелері болғандықтан евтаназияланды. Ауру жұқтырған шаруашылықтан екі ветеринарлық қызметкер жұқтырып, олардың бірі – ветеринарлық хирург Бен Кунин 2008 жылдың 20 тамызында қайтыс болды. Екінші ветеринар жылқыны евтаназиялау үшін қолданған инемен өзін-өзі тіккеннен кейін ауруханаға жатқызылды. Жұқтырған жылқыларға Кунинге көмектескен медбике де ауруханаға жатқызылды. Биоқауіпсіздік Квинсленд веб-сайтында осы оқиға кезінде 8 жылқының өлгені көрсетілген, алайда оқиғаның шолуы бес жылқының Хендра вирусынан өлгені расталғанын және үш жылқының "Хендра вирусы инфекциясының күмәнді жағдайлары ретінде қарастырылғанын" көрсетіп тұр. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2008 жылдың 14 шілдесі Прозерпин, Квинсленд Төрт жылқының өлімі. 2009 жылдың 1 қыркүйегінде екі апта комада болғаннан кейін ол вирусқа ұшырағаннан қайтыс болған төртінші адам болды. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2009 жылдың 14 қыркүйегі Боуэн, Квинсленд Екі жылқының өлімі. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2011 жылдың 20 маусымы – 31 шілдесі Альфорд тауы, Квинсленд Үш жылқының өлімі (барлығы Хендрадан өлгені расталды) және иттің сероконверсиясы. Осы шаруашылықтағы жылқының бірінші өлімі 2011 жылдың 20 маусымында болды, бірақ 2011 жылдың 1 шілдесінде екінші өлім болғаннан кейін ғана алғашқы жануардан алынған үлгілер тексерілді. Үшінші жылқы 2011 жылдың 4 шілдесінде евтаназияланды. 2011 жылдың 26 шілдесінде осы шаруашылықтан бір иттің HeV антиденелері бар екені анықталды. Ақпаратқа қарағанда, бұл австралиялық келпи, отбасылық серігі, үкіметтік саясатқа сәйкес, өлімге кесіледі. Биологиялық қауіпсіздік Квинсленд ұйымы иттің ауыр аттан жұққан болуы мүмкін екенін айтады. Дасти 2011 жылдың 31 шілдесінде екінші оң антидене тестісінен кейін евтаназияланды. 3
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2011 жылдың 26 шілдесі Керри, Квинсленд Жылқы ауырғаннан кейін Беадесерт, Квинслендтегі басқа шаруашылыққа көшірілді. Бір жылқының өлімі. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2011 жылдың 28 шілдесі Логанлеа, Логан қаласы, Квинсленд Бір жылқының өлімі. Ерекше жағдай, бұл жылқының өлімі кезінде қанында HeV антиденелері болды. Бұл иммундық жауапты қалай түсіну керек деген мәселе пікірталас тудырады. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2011 жылдың 29 шілдесі Маклинс Риджес, Уоллонгар, Жаңа Оңтүстік Уэльс Бір жылқының өлімі. Шаруашылықтағы екінші жылқы Хендраға оң нәтиже берді және 2011 жылдың 12 шілдесінде евтаназияланды. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2011 жылдың 3 шілдесі Максвилл, Жаңа Оңтүстік Уэльс Бір жылқының өлімі. 2
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2011 жылдың 24 шілдесі Парк Ридж, Логан қаласы, Квинсленд Бір жылқының өлімі. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2011 жылдың 11 шілдесі Куранда, Квинсленд Бір жылқының өлімі. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2011 жылдың 13 шілдесі Хервей-Бей, Квинсленд Бір жылқының өлімі. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2011 жылдың 14 шілдесі Лизмор, Жаңа Оңтүстік Уэльс Бір жылқының өлімі. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2011 жылдың 15 шілдесі Бундалл, Квинсленд Бір жылқының өлімі. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2011 жылдың 22 шілдесі Чинчилла, Квинсленд Бір жылқының өлімі. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2011 жылдың 24 шілдесі Муллумбимби, Жаңа Оңтүстік Уэльс Бір жылқының өлімі. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2011 жылдың 13 тамызы Муллумбимби, Жаңа Оңтүстік Уэльс Бір жылқының өлімі. Жылқы күні бұрын ауырғаннан кейін өлген. Хендра инфекциясы 2011 жылдың 17 тамызында расталды. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2011 жылдың 15 тамызы Баллина, Жаңа Оңтүстік Уэльс Бір жылқының өлімі. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2011 жылдың 17 тамызы Саут Баллина, Жаңа Оңтүстік Уэльс Екі жылқының өлімі. Жылқылар далада өлген күйде табылған. Екеуі де HeV-ға оң нәтиже берді. Өлімнің нақты күні белгісіз, бірақ Хендра инфекциясы 2011 жылдың 17 тамызында расталды. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2011 жылдың 28 тамызы Баллинаның солтүстігі, Жаңа Оңтүстік Уэльс Бір жылқының өлімі. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2011 жылдың 11 қазаны Бичмер, Кабультур, Квинсленд Бір жылқы тестілеуден кейін евтаназияланды. Бір апта бұрын шаруашылықта өлген жылқы Хендрадан өлген болуы мүмкін. 2011 жылдың 15 қазанында шаруашылықтағы тағы бір жылқы оң HeV антидене тестісінен кейін евтаназияланды. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2012 жылдың 3 қаңтары Таунсвилл, Квинсленд 2012 жылдың 3 қаңтарында өлген немесе евтаназияланған жылқы 2012 жылдың 5 қаңтарында оң HeV тестісін көрсетті. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2012 жылдың 26 мамыры Рокхемптон, Квинсленд Бір жылқы өлді. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2012 жылдың 28 мамыры Ингам, Квинсленд Бір жылқы өлді. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2012 жылдың 19 шілдесі Рокхемптон, Квинсленд Бір жылқы өлді. 2012 жылдың 27 шілдесінде аурудың клиникалық белгілерін көрсеткен шаруашылықтағы тағы екі жылқы евтаназияланды. Екі ит тексерілді және шаруашылық карантинге алынды. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2012 жылдың 27 маусымы Маккей, Квинсленд Бір жылқы оң HeV тестісінен кейін евтаназияланды. Шаруашылықтағы 15 жылқы тексеріліп, карантинге алынды, сондай-ақ көрші шаруашылықтардағы жылқылар да. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2012 жылдың 27 шілдесі Кэрнс, Квинсленд Бір жылқы өлді. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2012 жылдың 5 қыркүйегі Порт-Дуглас, Квинсленд Бір жылқы өлді. Шаруашылықта 13 бас жылқы карантинге алынды. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2012 жылдың 1 қарашасы Ингам, Квинсленд Бір симптомды жылқы евтаназияланды. Келесі күні жасалған HeV тестісі оң нәтиже берді. Шаруашылықта жеті бас жылқымен бірге карантинге алынды. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2013 жылдың 20 қаңтары Маккей, Квинсленд Бір жылқы өлді. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2013 жылдың 19 ақпаны Атертон Таулары, Солтүстік Квинсленд Бір жылқы өлді. Шаруашылықтан төрт жылқы мен төрт адам тексерілді. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2013 жылдың 3 маусымы Максвилл, Жаңа Оңтүстік Уэльс Бір жылқының өлімі, екінші жылқы вакциналанды, бес мысық пен бір ит тексерілді. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2013 жылдың 1 шілдесі Тарампа, Квинсленд Бір жылқы өлді. HeV вирусы расталды. 1
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2013 жылдың 4 шілдесі Максвилл, Жаңа Оңтүстік Уэльс Алты жасар арық жылқы өлді. Бірнеше бас жылқы, иттер мен мысықтар тексерілді. Шаруашылықтан бір ит HeV-ға оң нәтиже берді және шамамен 19 шілдеде евтаназияланды.
As of June 2014, a total of fifty outbreaks of Hendra virus have occurred in Australia, all involving infection of horses. As a result of these events, eighty three horses have died or been euthanized. A further four died or were euthanized as a result of possible Hendra infection. Case fatality rate in humans is 60% and in horses 75%. Four of these outbreaks have spread to humans as a result of direct contact with infected horses. On 26 July 2011 a dog living on the Mt Alford property was reported to have HeV antibodies, the first time an animal other than a flying fox, horse, or human has tested positive outside an experimental situation. These events have all been on the east coast of Australia, with the most northern event at Cairns, Queensland and the event furthest south at Kempsey, New South Wales. Until the event at Chinchilla, Queensland in July 2011, all outbreak sites had been within the distribution of at least two of the four mainland flying foxes (fruit bats); Little red flying fox, (Pteropus scapulatus), black flying fox, (Pteropus alecto), grey headed flying fox, (Pteropus poliocephalus) and spectacled flying fox, (Pteropus conspicillatus). Chinchilla is considered to be only within the range of little red flying fox and is west of the Great Dividing Range. This is the furthest west the infection has ever been identified in horses. The timing of incidents indicates a seasonal pattern of outbreaks. Initially this was thought to possibly be related to the breeding cycle of the little red flying foxes. These species typically give birth between April and May. Subsequently, however, the Spectacled flying fox and the Black flying fox have been identified as the species more likely to be involved in infection spillovers. Timing of outbreaks also appears more likely during the cooler months when it is possible the temperature and humidity are more favourable to the longer term survival of the virus in the environment. There is no evidence of transmission to humans directly from bats, and, as such it appears that human infection only occurs via an intermediate host, a horse. Despite this in 2014 the NSW Government approved the destruction of flying fox colonies. List of Australian Hendra outbreaks List of Australian Hendra outbreaks Date Location Details Deaths (Human) Deaths (Horse)August 1994Mackay, QueenslandDeath of two horses and one person, Mark Preston.1October 2004Gordonvale, Cairns, QueenslandDeath of one horse. A veterinarian involved in autopsy of the horse was infected with Hendra virus, and suffered a mild illness.01December 2004Townsville, QueenslandDeath of one horse.1July 2007Peachester, Sunshine Coast, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised)July 2007Clifton Beach, Cairns, QueenslandInfection of one horse (euthanised). July 2008Redlands, QueenslandDeath of five horses; four died from the Henda virus, the remaining animal recovered but was euthanised because of a government policy that requires all animals with antibodies to be euthanised due to a potential threat to health. Two veterinary workers from the affected property were infected leading to the death of one, veterinary surgeon Ben Cuneen, on 20 August 2008. The second veterinarian was hospitalized after pricking herself with a needle she had used to euthanize the horse that had recovered. A nurse exposed to the disease while assisting Cuneen in caring for the infected horses was also hospitalized. The Biosecurity Queensland website indicates that 8 horses died during this event, however a review of the event indicates that five horses are confirmed to have died from HeV and three of the horses "are regarded as improbable cases of Hendra virus infection ".14July 2008Proserpine, QueenslandDeath of four horses. On 1 September 2009 after two weeks in a coma, he became the fourth person to die from exposure to the virus.14September 2009Bowen, QueenslandDeath of two horses.120 June 2011 – 31 July 2011Mount Alford, QueenslandDeath of three horses (all confirmed to have died of Hendra) and sero conversion of a dog. The first horse death on this property occurred on 20 June 2011, although it was not until after the second death on 1 July 2011 that samples taken from the first animal were tested. The third horse was euthanised on 4 July 2011. On 26 July 2011 a dog from this property was reported to have tested positive for HeV antibodies. Reports indicate that this Australian Kelpie, a family companion, will be euthanised in line with government policy. Biosecurity Queensland suggest the dog most likely was exposed to HeV though one of the sick horses. Dusty was euthanised on 31 July 2011 following a second positive antibody test.326 June 2011Kerry, QueenslandThe horse was moved after it became sick to another property at Beaudesert, Queensland. Death of one horse.128 June 2011Loganlea, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse. Unusually this horse had HeV antibodies present in its blood at the time of death. How this immune response should be interpreted is a matter of debate.129 June 2011Mcleans Ridges, Wollongbar, New South WalesDeath of one horse. The second horse on the property tested positive to Hendra and was euthanised on 12 July 2011.13 July 2011Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse.24 July 2011Park Ridge, Logan City, QueenslandDeath of one horse.111 July 2011Kuranda, QueenslandDeath of one horse.113 July 2011Hervey Bay, QueenslandDeath of one horse.114 July 2011Lismore, New South WalesDeath of one horse.115 July 2011Boondall, QueenslandDeath of one horse.122 July 2011Chinchilla, QueenslandDeath of one horse.124 July 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse.113 August 2011Mullumbimby, New South WalesDeath of one horse. A horse was found dead after being unwell the day before. HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.115 August 2011Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.117 August 2011South Ballina, New South WalesDeath of two horses. The horses were found dead in a field. Both tested positive to HeV. The exact date of death is not known, but HeV infection was confirmed on 17 August 2011.128 August 2011North of Ballina, New South WalesDeath of one horse.111 October 2011Beachmere, Caboolture QueenslandOne horse euthanised after testing positive. A horse that died on the property one week before may have died of HeV. On 15 October 2011 another horse on the property was euthanised following a positive HeV antibody test.13 January 2012Townsville, QueenslandA horse that died or was euthanised on 3 January 2012 returned a positive HeV test on 5 January 2012.126 May 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died.128 May 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne horse died.119 July 2012Rockhampton, QueenslandOne horse died. On 27 July it was announced that two other horses on the property, showing clinical signs of the disease, had been euthanised. Two dogs were assessed, and the property was quarantined.127 June 2012Mackay, QueenslandOne horse was euthanised after returning a positive HeV test. 15 horses on the property are being tested and quarantined, along with horses on neighbouring properties.127 July 2012Cairns, QueenslandOne horse died.15 September 2012Port Douglas, QueenslandOne horse died. The property with 13 other horses is quarantined.11 November 2012Ingham, QueenslandOne symptomatic horse euthanised. A test for HeV the following day proved positive. The property, with seven other horses, quarantined.120 January 2013Mackay, QueenslandOne horse died.119 February 2013Atherton Tablelands, North QueenslandOne horse died. Four horses and four people from the property were assessed.13 June 2013Macksville, New South WalesDeath of one horse, a second horse vaccinated, five cats and a dog were monitored.11 July 2013Tarampa, QueenslandOne horse died. HeV virus confirmed.14 July 2013Macksville, New South WalesSix year old gelding died. Several other horses, dogs and cats were tested. A dog from the property tested positive for HeV and was euthanised around 19 July 201315 July 2013Gold Coast, QueenslandOne horse died. No other horses on property.16 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesEighteen year old unvaccinated mare died, other animals on property under observation.19 July 2013Kempsey, New South WalesThirteen year old unvaccinated quarterhorse died, other animals on property were put under observation.118 March 2014Bundaberg, QueenslandUnvaccinated horse euthanized. Tested positive for Hendra and was euthanized 11 June 2014Beenleigh, QueenslandHorse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak at a property.20 Jun 2014Murwillumbah, New South WalesA 31 year old stock horse died in the early hours of 20 June.120 July 2014Calliope, Queensland Horse euthanised and property quarantined after outbreak.120 Jun 2015Murwillumbah, New South WalesHorse found dead after several days of illness. HeV confirmed as the cause of death.1About 20 July 2015 Atherton Tableland, QueenslandInfected horse died and property quarantined.1 About 4 September 2015Lismore, New South Wales Infected horse euthanised and property quarantined.1About 15 December 2016Casino, New South WalesHorse died around 15 December 2016 after being ill for several weeks.1 About 24 May 2017 Gold Coast, Queensland An unvaccinated infected horse euthanised and property quarantined. About 8 July 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Lismore after symptomatic horse tested positive for Hendra. About 1 August 2017Murwillumbah, New South Wales Hendra virus confirmed near Murwillumbah after symptomatic horse tested positive for the virus. NSW Department of Primary Industries identified this as the second Hendra case in NSW for the year 2017. About 5 August 2017Lismore, New South Wales Hendra case confirmed near Lismore results in euthanasia of symptomatic Welsh Pony. Property was placed under inspection. Third confirmed case in NSW in the span of four weeks. 7 June 2019Scone, New South WalesAn unvaccinated mare contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Quarantine protocols and assessments were completed on the property. Represents the Southernmost documented case of Hendra in horses. 1 3 June 2020Murwillumbah, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse contracted Hendra and had to be euthanized. Represents the first documented case of 2020. 118 July
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2023Newcastle, New South WalesAn unvaccinated horse died from a case of symptomatic Hendra. Property was accessed for risks and no transmitted cases were identified.1
2011 жылдың маусым-тамыз айларындағы оқиғалар
1994–2010 жылдары он төрт жағдай тіркелді. 2011 жылдың 20 маусымы мен 28 тамызы аралығында тағы 17 жағдай анықталды, оның ішінде жиырма бір жылқы қырылды. 2011 жылдың маусым және тамыз айлары аралығында жағдайлардың күрт өсуінің себебі белгісіз. Әдетте, HeV жұқтыру жағдайлары мамыр мен қазан айлары аралығында көбірек кездеседі. Бұл кезең кейде "Хендра маусымы" деп аталады, ол Оңтүстік-Шығыс Квинслендтегі құнды қысқы жемделу ортасында барлық түрдегі жеміс жегіш жарықшалардың көптеп шоғырлануымен сипатталады. Ауа райы (жылы және ылғалды) генипавирустың қоршаған ортада тірі қалуына жағдай жасайды. Қазіргі кеңес бойынша, бұл жағдайлар HeV-дің өзіндегі кез келген мутацияның нәтижесі емес. Басқа ұсыныстардың бірі – тестілеу көлемінің артуы анықтау көрсеткіштерінің өсуіне әкелді. Жарықшалар мен жылқылар арасындағы жұқтыру жолы анықталмағандықтан, жылқыларда инфекцияға шағу мүмкіндігін арттыратын факторлар белгісіз. 2011 жылдың 27 шілдесінде HeV антиденелері бар ит анықталғаннан кейін Квинсленд және Жаңа Оңтүстік Уэльс үкіметтері Хендра вирусын зерттеуге 6 миллион доллар көлемінде қосымша қаржы бөлді, ол 2014–2015 жылдарға дейін жұмсалатын болады. Бұл қаражат жарықшалардағы инфекцияның экологиялық себептерін және жарықшалар мен басқа да түрлер арасындағы вирустың таралу механизмін зерттеуге бағытталатын болады. Федералдық үкімет тағы 6 миллион доллар бөлді, бұл қаражаттың жартысы адам денсаулығын зерттеуге, ал қалған жартысы жануарлар денсаулығы мен биоәртүрлілікті зерттеуге жұмсалады.
In the years 1994–2010, fourteen events were recorded. Between 20 June 2011 and 28 August 2011, a further seventeen events were identified, during which twenty one horses died. It is not clear why there was a sudden increase in the number of spillover events between June and August 2011. Typically HeV spillover events are more common between May and October. This time is sometimes called "Hendra Season", which is a time when there are large numbers of fruit bats of all species congregated in SE Queensland's valuable winter foraging habitat. The weather (warm and humid) is favourable to the survival of henipavirus in the environment. Present advice is that these events are not being driven by any mutation in HeV itself. Other suggestions include that an increase in testing has led to an increase in detection. As the actual mode of transmission between bats and horses has not been determined, it is not clear what, if any, factors can increase the chance of infection in horses. Following the confirmation of a dog with HeV antibodies, on 27 July 2011, the Queensland and NSW governments will boost research funding into the Hendra virus by $6 million to be spent by 2014–2015. This money will be used for research into ecological drivers of infection in the bats and the mechanism of virus transmission between bats and other species. A further 6 million dollars was allocated by the federal government with the funds being split, half for human health investigations and half for animal health and biodiversity research.