Уильям Генри Кроссленд: Англиялық сәулетшінің өмірі мен еңбектері

English architect

William Henry Crossland (Yorkshire, 1835 – London, 14 November 1908), He was the younger son of Henry Crossland, who is recorded in the 1851 census as being a farmer and quarry owner, and his wife, Ellen (née Wilkinson). He had an elder brother, James, born in 1833. Crossland enrolled at Huddersfield College, where he excelled in writing and drawing. In the early 1850s Crossland became a pupil of George Gilbert Scott at his architectural practice in London. developed his own architectural practice, with offices in Halifax and Leeds, before moving to London and then, in 1879, opening an office in Egham, Surrey. More than 25 of the buildings he designed are listed by Historic England. Its stained glass windows are credited as "the finest modern examples of their kind". and say it is "widely recognised as being one of the finest municipal buildings in the country". Following a fire, Crossland's original clock tower was replaced in 1887 by a stone clock tower and spire designed by Alfred Waterhouse in the style of Manchester Town Hall. Holloway Sanatorium at Virginia Water, Surrey, which was built 1873–85. This was a project commissioned by the entrepreneur and philanthropist Thomas Holloway. Historic England describe it as "the most elaborate and impressive Victorian lunatic asylum in England, because it was the most lavish to be built for private patients The quality of the external design and the decoration of the principal spaces is exceptional". It is the only example of a Sanatorium to be listed at Grade I.
Royal Holloway College, Egham, Surrey, which was built 1879–87. A short distance away from the Sanatorium, it was also commissioned by Thomas Holloway. Now known as Founder's Building, it is the main building of a major college of the University of London; its cafe/bar is named "Crosslands". Crossland's main floor plan for the college is on display in the Royal Holloway College Picture Gallery. The Holloway Sanatorium and Royal Holloway College were inspired by the Cloth Hall of Ypres in Belgium and the Château de Chambord itself based on a compilation by Edward Law.||
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LocationDescriptionDatesListingNotesRefsImagesHawnbyAll Saints Church1863 Grade II*This was Crossland's first known church restoration. KellingtonChurch of St Edmund King and Martyr12th century, restored by Crossland 1867–69Grade I Crossland's renovations included demolishing and rebuilding the north aisle and the south and east chancel walls and enlarging the chancel. MiddlesmoorChurch of St Chad 1865–66, replacing a 14th century churchGrade IISheila Binns quotes a contemporary account in The Ecclesiologist as saying that in basing his design on that of the 14th century church Crossland treated it "with much dignity". Sutton in Craven Church of St Thomas 1868–69Grade IIThis was a new church building. It memorialises Thomas Bairstow, a local benefactor. The tower was designed to carry a spire that was never added.

LocationDescriptionDatesListingNotesRefsImagesHoylandswaine, near Penistone Church of St John the Evangelist 1867–68 Grade IIBinns describes it as a "small but substantial church, built to a high quality of local stone for a small working class village". Sheffield Church of St Mark, Broomhill 1868–71Grade IIThe church building, except for the tower, was destroyed in the Second World War.

LocationDescriptionDatesListingNotesRefsImagesAlmondburyAll Hallows ChurchDating from the 13th century, it was restored by Crossland 1872–76Grade IMuch of the work was funded by local landowner Sir John Ramsden. Birstall St Peter's ChurchFounded c.1100 and rebuilt by Crossland 1863–70, except for the medieval tower Grade II*Historic England say that it "demonstrates well" Crossland's "preference for the Decorated style and taste for lavish decoration". Copley St Stephen's Church 1861–65 Grade II*This church building, commissioned by Edward Akroyd, is now redundant and is under the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. Elland Church of St Mary Built mainly in the 13th and 14th centuries and restored by Crossland 1865–66Grade IAs a child, Crossland had been baptised in this church. Far Headingley, Leeds St Chad's Church1864–68Grade II* Designed by Crossland and Edmund Beckett Denison (later 1st Baron Grimthorpe), the church was built on land given by the Beckett family of Kirkstall Grange who paid £10,000 towards it. FlocktonChurch of St James the Great1866–67Grade IIAccording to Binns, "the church was built largely due to the efforts and at the personal expense of the incumbent at the time, the Reverend Robert Jackson French". Huddersfield 1–11 Railway Street and 20–26 Westgate (former Ramsden Estate Office) 1868–74Grade IIThis was commissioned by Sir John Ramsden; the Ramsden family then owned much of Huddersfield. Huddersfield Byram Buildings (now known as Byram Arcade) 10–18 Westgate 1875–81 Grade IIThis was commissioned by Sir John Ramsden. HuddersfieldKirkgate Buildings 1877–85 Grade II Commissioned by Sir John Ramsden, this was a speculative development of office space and shops, originally called Bulstrode Buildings. Huddersfield Longley New Hall 1870–75 Grade II This rebuilding of a property built in the 1860s was commissioned by Sir John Ramsden as a house for his family; it became a school in the 1920s. Crossland also drew up plans for alterations to Longley Old Hall, on a nearby site. HuddersfieldSt Andrew's Church, Leeds Road 1869–70 Grade II This church building was declared redundant in 1975. The Victorian Society included it on a list in 2017 of the top ten endangered Victorian or Edwardian buildings in England and Wales that have been neglected and are now at risk. Bradley, HuddersfieldSt Thomas's Church1859–68 Grade II One of Crossland's earliest commissions, the church building was declared redundant in 1975. Historic England say that the church "is notable for the vitality of detail typical of the decade" and "is carefully sited on sloping ground, with asymmetrical south tower and spire placed so as to maximise the effect of its silhouette". Huddersfield Somerset Buildings 1881–83 Grade II Historic England say that "its eclectic C19 Queen Anne styling displays a strong level of architectural flair, incorporating French and Flemish Renaissance influenced detailing to successful effect it has strong group value with nearby listed buildings, a number of which were also designed by Crossland". Huddersfield Waverley Chambers 1881–83 Grade IISoon after this commercial building was built, it became a temperance hotel and later was used as offices. Ossett, Wakefield Church of the Holy Trinity 1862–65 Grade II* This was Crossland's first large church building. Staincliffe Christ Church 1866–67 Grade IIHistoric England describe the church building as "unfinished". Cuts to the budget meant that its exterior was not completed to Crossland's original designs.

Crossland's last entry in the RIBA's records was in 1894–95. There is no record of him undertaking any work after 1900, when he ceased to be architectural adviser to Royal Holloway.

On 1 October 1859, Crossland married Lavinia Cardwell Pigot (who died in Boulogne, France on 17 January 1876). They had one child – a daughter, Maud, who was born on 10 July 1860 and died on 8 March 1900. Crossland also had an illegitimate son, Cecil Henry Crossland Hatt (born 1877), with his second (common law) wife, (Eliza) Ruth Hatt (née Tilley; 1853–1892). She became a well known actress, using the stage name Ruth Rutland, and they lived together in a bungalow on the Royal Holloway site, designed by Crossland and built in 1878 as a home for himself and his family while he oversaw Holloway College's construction. Crossland died at 57 Albert Street, Camden, London on 14 November 1908 following a stroke. His wife Lavinia, his brother James Crossland, his common law wife Eliza Ruth Hatt, his daughter Maud Lart, his parents in law and his stepson Benjamin Tilley Hatt are buried in a family vault at Highgate Cemetery. Although Crossland's will specifically stated that he and his son should be interred there, neither of them is in the family vault. Crossland's place of burial is unknown. Crossland was survived by his son Cecil (by then known as Cecil Hatt Crossland) and two granddaughters – Maud and her husband William Lart's daughter Dorothea Maud (born 1881), and Cecil and his wife Lucy's daughter Beryl Joan (born 1905).