Гилда Грей: «Шимми» бишісі және актрисаның өмірі

Dancer, singer, actress

Gilda Gray (born Marianna Michalska; October 24, 1901 – December 22, 1959) was a Polish American dancer and actress who popularized a dance called the "shimmy" which became fashionable in 1920s films and theater productions.

According to her own statement, Gilda Gray was born on 24 October 1901 in Kraków (then part of Galicia Lodomeria, Austria Hungary, and now part of Poland) and she was an adopted child of Maksymilian (Max) and Wanda Michalski (née Kuras). However, according to her birth certificate she was born on 25 October 1895 in a village Rydlewo near Żnin (Żnin County, Kuyavian Pomeranian Voivodeship) and Maksymilian (Max) and Wanda Michalski (née Kuras) were her biological parents. In 1903 she emigrated with her parents to the United States. Although the shimmy is said to have been introduced to American audiences by Gray in New York in 1919, the term was widely used before, and the shimmy was already a well known dance move. Gray appropriated it as her own, saying that she had accidentally invented the shimmy while dancing at her father in law's Cudahy saloon and "shaking her chemise"

Gray attributed the origin of the shimmy to the American Indian in an interview published in the July 8, 1919 issue of Variety. The article notes she was working at the time at Reisenweber's with her partner Mildred Vernon. Gray had just been signed to perform in the Gaieties of 1919 when she described the dance, saying "The original shimmy dance has never been properly introduced in New York. I know for I studied the dancing characteristics of the Indians for a long time and they are really responsible for the shimmy which they labeled the 'Shima Shiwa'. There have been continual efforts on the part of this dancer and that one, with each declaring that his or her version is the 'original.' There is no doubt but that the shimmy dance as it was constructed by the American Indians would have a greater popularity were it done right."

Her desire to continue her burgeoning career (she used the professional name Mary Gray for a while) and her faltering relationship with her husband prompted her to relocate to Chicago, where she was noticed by a talent agent, Frank Westphal, who took her to New York and introduced her to his wife, singer Sophie Tucker. It was Tucker who prompted her to change her first name to Gilda. In 1928, she went to England to star in Piccadilly, a 1929 silent film written for her by Arnold Bennett that appeared in the United States with added sound and effects. In his July 15, 1929, review, The New York Times critic Mordaunt Hall praised her performance, adding: "Miss Gray seems to have been rediscovered as an actress. For a long time she has been docketed as an exponent of 'shimmy,' but in Piccadilly she appears to show that acting is not above her. A prophet apparently is without honor; Miss Gray found it necessary to flee to English studios to have a chance." She attempted comebacks but was hindered by poor health from regaining her status as a star. In 1931, she suffered a heart attack. In 1932, Gray announced her engagement to singer Art Jarrett, but abandoned their marriage plans when it became clear that the five day waiting period between filing a marriage license and the actual ceremony could not be waived. On May 23, 1933, she married Venezuelan diplomat Hector Briceño de Saa. The couple separated two years later and divorced in 1938.

During World War II, Gray worked for Poland including raising money. In 1953, Ralph Edwards did her life story on the television show This Is Your Life. He portrayed her courage in bringing six Polish citizens to America during the Cold War era. Gray also subsidized their education. She was decorated by Poland "for her interest and help to her countrymen and her country".

On December 22, 1959, died of an apparent heart attack at the home of friends in Hollywood, aged 58.