Текате қаласы: тарих, география және мәдениеті

City in Baja California, Mexico
the beer
the town across the border in California

Tecate (teˈkate) is a city in Tecate Municipality, Baja California. It is across the Mexico–US border from Tecate, California. As of 2019, the city had a population of 108,860 inhabitants, and the Kumeyaay language is still spoken in the mountains near Tecate at Juntas de Nejí. Kuuchamaa is rich in greenery, wildflowers and birds. Tecatenses as well as tourists are often seen enjoying hikes and bike rides along its many trails. In 1829, the Mexican governor of Alta California José María de Echeandía granted the valley of Tecate as the Rancho Tecate to Juan Bandini. In 1836 the mountain dwelling Kumeyaay with some aid from some former mission neophytes, raided and plundered the rancho. They besieged the ranch house but the men within managed to hold out until it was relieved by a force from San Diego. With his stock and horses stolen and the house burned, Bandini—like owners of other ranchos near San Diego—had to abandon the isolated rancho. Due to the continuing hostilities with the Kumeyaay, Bandini never returned, being compensated with Rancho Jurupa in 1838. In the late 19th century farmers and ranchers arrived in Tecate for the first time since Bandini's failed attempt to settle there. They discovered its plentiful natural resources and decided to settle. Its abundant water and fertile soil made Tecate the perfect site for a productive farm market. Olives, grapes and grain became Tecate's staple crops. The industrial sector was developed simultaneously with the creation of coffee processing plants and breweries. The town was founded on 2 April 1888 and formally incorporated as a city on 12 October 1892. In 1919, Governor Esteban Cantú ordered the first urban plan for the city, charging engineer Luis Pavón with its design and implementation. In 1953, Tecate Municipality was separated from Tijuana Municipality, with Tecate designated as the municipal seat. Well known for its traditional infrastructure and looks, Tecate remains true to its origins with its main plaza in the center of the city and its city hall and historic church within walking distance.

Tecate's altitude of approximately 539.50 m above sea level and its proximity to the ocean contribute to the temperate climate. It rains enough in the area (almost per year) for a thick ground cover of shrubs and scattered trees to grow. The gradual transition from coastal to desert climate is on the eastern side of the peninsular mountains a few miles east. Although often boulder strewn, much of the land to the east of the city is taken up with ejidos, or cooperative farms. Tecate is also the name of a small river that courses through the city, and of a hamlet on the Alta California (US side) of the border, affectionately known as "Tecatito" (population around 100; ZIP code 91980).

Tecate is hot and dry during the summer and cool and sometimes rainy during the winter. It is classified as a hot summer mediterranean climate.

Tecate is the site of the Autonomous University of Baja California, Tecate. The school houses a school of engineering. Tecate has a competition every year for 5th grade students where they share their ideas to change their community in a positive way. The best one competes against the best ones of each city of the state. The winner competes against the other states, and the winner meets the President of Mexico.

Tecate is on a spur of Mexican Federal Highway 2 that connects Tijuana with Mexicali via the central Sierra mountains. It is on the older, two lane, east west road which is toll free. A train from Campo, California, called the Tecate Ticket, travels to Tecate on a monthly basis (currently suspended due to a tunnel fire along the route). The train is run by the Pacific Southwest Railway Museum. The city is the location of the Tecate Airport, at Maclovio Herrera, which no longer operates due to low traffic. Instead, Tecate residents are served by nearby Tijuana International Airport (TIJ), with flights to most major Mexican cities. TIJ is closer to Tecate than Mexicali International Airport and thus used more frequently by Tecate residents.