Кіріспе
Гонконгтық белсенді және саясаткер Сето Ва (28 ақпан 1931 – 2 қаңтар 2011) – Гонконг демократиясының белсендісі және саясаткері. Ол Қытайдың патриоттық демократиялық қозғалыстарын қолдау комитетінің, Гонконг кәсіби мұғалімдер одағының құрылтайшы төрағасы, сондай-ақ 1985 жылдан 1997 жылға дейін және 1997 жылдан 2004 жылға дейін Гонконг Заң шығару кеңесінің мүшесі болды. Гонконг демократиялық қозғалысының екі белгілі тұлғасының бірі – Мартин Лимен бірге Сето демократияны қолдаушылардың қалыптасуына зор үлес қосты. Саясатқа мұғалімдер кәсіподағының өкілі ретінде кірген ол Гонконгтың ықпалды кәсіби мұғалімдер одағын құрды және 1985 жылы жаңа құрылған оқытушылар сайлау округі арқылы колониялық заң шығарушы органға алғаш рет сайланды. Ол және Мартин Ли 1985 жылы Пекин үкіметі Гонконгтың негізгі заңын әзірлеу комитетіне тағайындаған екі демократия жақтасы болды, бірақ 1989 жылғы Тяньаньмэнь алаңындағы наразылықтар мен қырғыннан кейін екеуі де отставкаға кетті. Сето Тяньаньмэнь демократиялық қозғалысына және кейіннен іздестіріліп жатқан демократиялық белсенділерді құтқару операциясына Гонконг халқының қолдауын жинауда маңызды рөл атқарды. Ол сондай-ақ жыл сайынғы ескеру шараларын ұйымдастыратын Гонконг Альянсын құрды. Демократияны қолдау негізінде ол кейін Демократиялық партияға айналған алғашқы Заң шығару кеңесіне тікелей сайлауға қатысу үшін Гонконгтың Біріккен демократиялық партиясын құрды. Сето Демократиялық партияның бейресми партиялық қамшысы болып қалды. 2004 жылы Заң шығару кеңесінен зейнеткерлікке шықты және пандемократиялық лагерьдегі ықпалын сақтады. 2010 жылы ол лагерьдің орталық фракциясын радикалдық бес сайлау округі референдумына қарсы шығуға шақырды және демократиялық партияның Пекин билігімен келіссөздерінде сайлау реформасы пакетінің жаңартылған ұсынысын әзірлеуде маңызды рөл атқарды. Ол 2011 жылы 79 жасында қайтыс болғанға дейін Гонконг Альянсының төрағасы болды.
Szeto Wah (; 28 February 1931 – 2 January 2011) was a Hong Kong democracy activist and politician. He was the founding chairman of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China, the Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union and former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1985 to 1997 and from 1997 to 2004. Being one of the two icons of the Hong Kong democracy movement alongside Martin Lee, Szeto played an instrumental role in the emergence of the pro democracy camp. Entering politics as a trade unionist for teachers, Szeto founded the influential Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union and was first elected to the colonial legislature through the newly created Teaching functional constituency in 1985. He and Martin Lee became the two pro democrats appointed to the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee by the Beijing government in 1985 until the duo resigned in the wake of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre. Szeto played a significant part in gathering popular support of the Hong Kong public in the Tiananmen democracy movement and subsequently the Operation Yellowbird rescuing the wanted democracy activists. He also founded the Hong Kong Alliance which has been responsible for the annual memorials for the protests. On the basis of the pro democracy support he also co founded the United Democrats of Hong Kong to contest in the first Legislative Council direct elections which later transformed into the Democratic Party. Szeto remained as the unofficial party whip of the Democratic Party. He retired from the Legislative Council in 2004 and retained his influence in the pan democracy camp. In 2010, he led the moderate faction of the camp to oppose the radical led Five Constituencies Referendum movement and played a significant role in drawing the revised proposal of the electoral reform package in the Democrats' negotiation with the Beijing authorities. He remained the chairman of the Hong Kong Alliance until he died in 2011 at the age of 79. Early life and underground activism
Szeto Wah was born in Hong Kong on 28 February 1931 in Hong Kong with the family root in Chikan, Kaiping, Guangdong. His father, Szeto Ting, moved to Hong Kong for work during his young age. In 1941 during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, his family moved back to Kaiping. He recalled his patriotism grew during the war when he heard about the stories of the Chinese war heroes. His mother died at the age of 38 in 1942 and his father remarried afterwards. In 1945, when the war had almost ended, his family moved back to Hong Kong. His father died of cancer at the Precious Blood Hospital in 1952 and was survived by his second wife and ten children. In Hong Kong, Szeto Wah studied at the Yau Ma Tei Government School and then Queen's College, and graduated from the Grantham College of Education. Under his brother Szeto Ming's influence, he and his siblings joined the YWCA which had a strong left wing leaning at the time during his student life. He was contacted by the underground Communists and joined the Chinese New Democracy Youth League, the predecessor of the Communist Youth League of China, in September 1949. Under the instruction of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Szeto founded the Hok Yau Club in 1949. Without any official affiliation, Hok Yau Club was responsible for recruiting youths for the Communist cause. Among the recruits at the time was Mo Kwan nin, who rose to the deputy director of the New China News Agency in 1980s. The club ceased to function between 1952 and 1953 after it was busted by the Hong Kong Police Special Branch. At the same time, he entered the teaching profession in 1952. After the journal was closed down in 1966, the party ceased to contact Szeto. Teacher unionism and activism
In 1971, the Hong Kong government suggested unpegging the salaries of the certificated masters to the nurses to cut their salaries by 15 per cent which sparked an uproar among the teachers. In 1977, the Precious Blood Golden Jubilee Secondary School was exposed with a corruption scandal. The teachers and students launched a strike for two days. In response, the Director of Education issued warning letters to the teachers. The PTU received complaints from the teachers and demanded the withdrawal of the warning letters. Afterwards, the school changed its leadership and issued new restrictions into teachers' contracts and warning letters to teachers against Szeto Wah's advice. In May 1977, the Education Department closed down the school with the approval of the Executive Council. The PTU organised assemblies and petitions to demand the reopening of the school and investigation of the event. As a result, Governor Murray MacLehose appointed a three member committee into the event consisting of Rayson Huang, Lo King man and Maisie Wong. The committee suggested the founding of the Ng Yuk Secondary School to receive the teachers and students, withdrawing the warning letters and negating the actions of the school. The PTU continued to grow into a significant labour union and pressure group in the territory. According to do Rosario, Szeto even became one of "the most influential persons in Hongkong's political scene mid 70s". Szeto Wah also launched a petition movement as the civil Chief Executive to mock the first Chief Executive election of 1996 by the Beijing controlled 400 member Selection Committee. Szeto eventually accumulated more than 104,000 signatures with their ID numbers. The election was ultimately won by shipping magnate Tung Chee hwa who was hand picked by Beijing. For his staunch pro democracy conviction, Time'' once described him as "democracy's foot soldier", and named him one of the 25 most influential people in Hong Kong. Szeto Wah and other Democrats ran in the first SAR Legislative Council election in May 1998 in which Szeto and Li Wah ming won about 145,000 votes, taking two of the three seats in Kowloon East. Although the pro democrats won 20 seats, their influence was balanced by the pro Beijing members elected through the 10 seat Election Committee constituency. Szeto was re elected in 2000 and decided to retire in 2004. In 2005, the "Real Brothers incident" broke out in the Democratic Party as there were allegations of the reformist faction being infiltrated by Beijing. Szeto Wah became one of the five member committee to investigate the incident. As a result, the accused reformist faction was defeated in the 2006 intra party election. On 25 May 2007 Szeto Wah was one of eight people arrested and charged with speaking at a radio show broadcast hosted by the unlicensed Citizen's Radio on the subject of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre. Critics argued that the Hong Kong government selectively persecuted Szeto for using unlicensed equipment when delivering the political message as other members had spoken on the radio and were not charged. Szeto Wah attended the party meeting after chemotherapy and spoke in support of the revised proposal, stating that it was better to have the increase of five directly elected seats, five functional constituency seats but almost directly elected and the abolition of the appointed District Council seats than nothing. After the Democratic Party voted for the revised package, the Democratic Party and Szeto Wah received harsh criticisms from its former allies and supporters, condemning them for betraying democracy and the Hong Kong people. "Longhair" Leung Kwok hung in a protest in front of the PTU headquarters said Szeto Wah had his cancer got into his brain. In the following 1 July march, Szeto on his wheelchair also received criticisms from his supporters, saying that the "Democratic Party sold out Hong Kong people." In response, Szeto argued, "Sold out? How much for selling out? Are you pig or dog? Can you be sold out?"
Ерте өмірі және жасырын қызметі
Szeto Wah (; 28 February 1931 – 2 January 2011) was a Hong Kong democracy activist and politician. He was the founding chairman of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China, the Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union and former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1985 to 1997 and from 1997 to 2004. Being one of the two icons of the Hong Kong democracy movement alongside Martin Lee, Szeto played an instrumental role in the emergence of the pro democracy camp. Entering politics as a trade unionist for teachers, Szeto founded the influential Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union and was first elected to the colonial legislature through the newly created Teaching functional constituency in 1985. He and Martin Lee became the two pro democrats appointed to the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee by the Beijing government in 1985 until the duo resigned in the wake of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre. Szeto played a significant part in gathering popular support of the Hong Kong public in the Tiananmen democracy movement and subsequently the Operation Yellowbird rescuing the wanted democracy activists. He also founded the Hong Kong Alliance which has been responsible for the annual memorials for the protests. On the basis of the pro democracy support he also co founded the United Democrats of Hong Kong to contest in the first Legislative Council direct elections which later transformed into the Democratic Party. Szeto remained as the unofficial party whip of the Democratic Party. He retired from the Legislative Council in 2004 and retained his influence in the pan democracy camp. In 2010, he led the moderate faction of the camp to oppose the radical led Five Constituencies Referendum movement and played a significant role in drawing the revised proposal of the electoral reform package in the Democrats' negotiation with the Beijing authorities. He remained the chairman of the Hong Kong Alliance until he died in 2011 at the age of 79. Early life and underground activism
Szeto Wah was born in Hong Kong on 28 February 1931 in Hong Kong with the family root in Chikan, Kaiping, Guangdong. His father, Szeto Ting, moved to Hong Kong for work during his young age. In 1941 during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, his family moved back to Kaiping. He recalled his patriotism grew during the war when he heard about the stories of the Chinese war heroes. His mother died at the age of 38 in 1942 and his father remarried afterwards. In 1945, when the war had almost ended, his family moved back to Hong Kong. His father died of cancer at the Precious Blood Hospital in 1952 and was survived by his second wife and ten children. In Hong Kong, Szeto Wah studied at the Yau Ma Tei Government School and then Queen's College, and graduated from the Grantham College of Education. Under his brother Szeto Ming's influence, he and his siblings joined the YWCA which had a strong left wing leaning at the time during his student life. He was contacted by the underground Communists and joined the Chinese New Democracy Youth League, the predecessor of the Communist Youth League of China, in September 1949. Under the instruction of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Szeto founded the Hok Yau Club in 1949. Without any official affiliation, Hok Yau Club was responsible for recruiting youths for the Communist cause. Among the recruits at the time was Mo Kwan nin, who rose to the deputy director of the New China News Agency in 1980s. The club ceased to function between 1952 and 1953 after it was busted by the Hong Kong Police Special Branch. At the same time, he entered the teaching profession in 1952. After the journal was closed down in 1966, the party ceased to contact Szeto. Teacher unionism and activism
In 1971, the Hong Kong government suggested unpegging the salaries of the certificated masters to the nurses to cut their salaries by 15 per cent which sparked an uproar among the teachers. In 1977, the Precious Blood Golden Jubilee Secondary School was exposed with a corruption scandal. The teachers and students launched a strike for two days. In response, the Director of Education issued warning letters to the teachers. The PTU received complaints from the teachers and demanded the withdrawal of the warning letters. Afterwards, the school changed its leadership and issued new restrictions into teachers' contracts and warning letters to teachers against Szeto Wah's advice. In May 1977, the Education Department closed down the school with the approval of the Executive Council. The PTU organised assemblies and petitions to demand the reopening of the school and investigation of the event. As a result, Governor Murray MacLehose appointed a three member committee into the event consisting of Rayson Huang, Lo King man and Maisie Wong. The committee suggested the founding of the Ng Yuk Secondary School to receive the teachers and students, withdrawing the warning letters and negating the actions of the school. The PTU continued to grow into a significant labour union and pressure group in the territory. According to do Rosario, Szeto even became one of "the most influential persons in Hongkong's political scene mid 70s". Szeto Wah also launched a petition movement as the civil Chief Executive to mock the first Chief Executive election of 1996 by the Beijing controlled 400 member Selection Committee. Szeto eventually accumulated more than 104,000 signatures with their ID numbers. The election was ultimately won by shipping magnate Tung Chee hwa who was hand picked by Beijing. For his staunch pro democracy conviction, Time'' once described him as "democracy's foot soldier", and named him one of the 25 most influential people in Hong Kong. Szeto Wah and other Democrats ran in the first SAR Legislative Council election in May 1998 in which Szeto and Li Wah ming won about 145,000 votes, taking two of the three seats in Kowloon East. Although the pro democrats won 20 seats, their influence was balanced by the pro Beijing members elected through the 10 seat Election Committee constituency. Szeto was re elected in 2000 and decided to retire in 2004. In 2005, the "Real Brothers incident" broke out in the Democratic Party as there were allegations of the reformist faction being infiltrated by Beijing. Szeto Wah became one of the five member committee to investigate the incident. As a result, the accused reformist faction was defeated in the 2006 intra party election. On 25 May 2007 Szeto Wah was one of eight people arrested and charged with speaking at a radio show broadcast hosted by the unlicensed Citizen's Radio on the subject of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre. Critics argued that the Hong Kong government selectively persecuted Szeto for using unlicensed equipment when delivering the political message as other members had spoken on the radio and were not charged. Szeto Wah attended the party meeting after chemotherapy and spoke in support of the revised proposal, stating that it was better to have the increase of five directly elected seats, five functional constituency seats but almost directly elected and the abolition of the appointed District Council seats than nothing. After the Democratic Party voted for the revised package, the Democratic Party and Szeto Wah received harsh criticisms from its former allies and supporters, condemning them for betraying democracy and the Hong Kong people. "Longhair" Leung Kwok hung in a protest in front of the PTU headquarters said Szeto Wah had his cancer got into his brain. In the following 1 July march, Szeto on his wheelchair also received criticisms from his supporters, saying that the "Democratic Party sold out Hong Kong people." In response, Szeto argued, "Sold out? How much for selling out? Are you pig or dog? Can you be sold out?"
Сето Ва 1931 жылы 28 ақпанда Гонконгта дүниеге келді, оның әкесі Сето Тинг жас кезінде жұмыс үшін Гонконгқа көшіп келді. 1941 жылы Гонконгты жапондықтар басып алған кезде оның отбасы Кайпингке қайта оралды. Ол соғыста Қытайдың жауынгерлік батырлары туралы естігенде патриотизмінің артып, өскенін еске алды. 1942 жылы анасы 38 жасында қайтыс болды, ал әкесі қайтадан үйленді. Соғыс аяқталып бара жатқан 1945 жылы оның отбасы Гонконгқа оралды. 1952 жылы әкесі Precious Blood Hospital ауруханасында рактан қайтыс болды, оның екінші әйелі мен он баласы қалды. Гонконгта Сето Ва Ма Тей мемлекеттік мектебінде, содан кейін Король колледжінде оқыды және Грантем білім беру колледжін бітірді. Ағасы Сето Мингтің ықпалымен ол студент кезінде солшыл бағытталған YWCA-ға бауырларымен бірге қосылды. 1949 жылы қыркүйекте ол Қытай Коммунистік жастар лигасының алғысы – Қытайдың жаңа демократиялық жастар лигасына қосылды. Қытай Коммунистік партиясының (ҚКП) тапсырмасымен 1949 жылы Сето Хок Яу клубын құрды. Хок Яу клубының ресми байланысы болмады, ол жастарды коммунистік мақсатқа тартуға жауапты болды. Сол кездегі жаңадан қабылданғандардың арасында 1980-ші жылдары Жаңа Қытай ақпарат агенттігінің директорының орынбасары болған Мо Кван Нин болды. 1952-1953 жылдары Гонконг полициясының арнайы бөлімі клубты бұзғаннан кейін клуб жұмысын тоқтатты. Сонымен қатар, 1952 жылы ол ұстаздыққа кіріседі. 1966 жылы журнал жабылғаннан кейін партия Сетомен байланысуды тоқтатты.
Szeto Wah (; 28 February 1931 – 2 January 2011) was a Hong Kong democracy activist and politician. He was the founding chairman of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China, the Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union and former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1985 to 1997 and from 1997 to 2004. Being one of the two icons of the Hong Kong democracy movement alongside Martin Lee, Szeto played an instrumental role in the emergence of the pro democracy camp. Entering politics as a trade unionist for teachers, Szeto founded the influential Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union and was first elected to the colonial legislature through the newly created Teaching functional constituency in 1985. He and Martin Lee became the two pro democrats appointed to the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee by the Beijing government in 1985 until the duo resigned in the wake of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre. Szeto played a significant part in gathering popular support of the Hong Kong public in the Tiananmen democracy movement and subsequently the Operation Yellowbird rescuing the wanted democracy activists. He also founded the Hong Kong Alliance which has been responsible for the annual memorials for the protests. On the basis of the pro democracy support he also co founded the United Democrats of Hong Kong to contest in the first Legislative Council direct elections which later transformed into the Democratic Party. Szeto remained as the unofficial party whip of the Democratic Party. He retired from the Legislative Council in 2004 and retained his influence in the pan democracy camp. In 2010, he led the moderate faction of the camp to oppose the radical led Five Constituencies Referendum movement and played a significant role in drawing the revised proposal of the electoral reform package in the Democrats' negotiation with the Beijing authorities. He remained the chairman of the Hong Kong Alliance until he died in 2011 at the age of 79. Early life and underground activism
Szeto Wah was born in Hong Kong on 28 February 1931 in Hong Kong with the family root in Chikan, Kaiping, Guangdong. His father, Szeto Ting, moved to Hong Kong for work during his young age. In 1941 during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, his family moved back to Kaiping. He recalled his patriotism grew during the war when he heard about the stories of the Chinese war heroes. His mother died at the age of 38 in 1942 and his father remarried afterwards. In 1945, when the war had almost ended, his family moved back to Hong Kong. His father died of cancer at the Precious Blood Hospital in 1952 and was survived by his second wife and ten children. In Hong Kong, Szeto Wah studied at the Yau Ma Tei Government School and then Queen's College, and graduated from the Grantham College of Education. Under his brother Szeto Ming's influence, he and his siblings joined the YWCA which had a strong left wing leaning at the time during his student life. He was contacted by the underground Communists and joined the Chinese New Democracy Youth League, the predecessor of the Communist Youth League of China, in September 1949. Under the instruction of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Szeto founded the Hok Yau Club in 1949. Without any official affiliation, Hok Yau Club was responsible for recruiting youths for the Communist cause. Among the recruits at the time was Mo Kwan nin, who rose to the deputy director of the New China News Agency in 1980s. The club ceased to function between 1952 and 1953 after it was busted by the Hong Kong Police Special Branch. At the same time, he entered the teaching profession in 1952. After the journal was closed down in 1966, the party ceased to contact Szeto. Teacher unionism and activism
In 1971, the Hong Kong government suggested unpegging the salaries of the certificated masters to the nurses to cut their salaries by 15 per cent which sparked an uproar among the teachers. In 1977, the Precious Blood Golden Jubilee Secondary School was exposed with a corruption scandal. The teachers and students launched a strike for two days. In response, the Director of Education issued warning letters to the teachers. The PTU received complaints from the teachers and demanded the withdrawal of the warning letters. Afterwards, the school changed its leadership and issued new restrictions into teachers' contracts and warning letters to teachers against Szeto Wah's advice. In May 1977, the Education Department closed down the school with the approval of the Executive Council. The PTU organised assemblies and petitions to demand the reopening of the school and investigation of the event. As a result, Governor Murray MacLehose appointed a three member committee into the event consisting of Rayson Huang, Lo King man and Maisie Wong. The committee suggested the founding of the Ng Yuk Secondary School to receive the teachers and students, withdrawing the warning letters and negating the actions of the school. The PTU continued to grow into a significant labour union and pressure group in the territory. According to do Rosario, Szeto even became one of "the most influential persons in Hongkong's political scene mid 70s". Szeto Wah also launched a petition movement as the civil Chief Executive to mock the first Chief Executive election of 1996 by the Beijing controlled 400 member Selection Committee. Szeto eventually accumulated more than 104,000 signatures with their ID numbers. The election was ultimately won by shipping magnate Tung Chee hwa who was hand picked by Beijing. For his staunch pro democracy conviction, Time'' once described him as "democracy's foot soldier", and named him one of the 25 most influential people in Hong Kong. Szeto Wah and other Democrats ran in the first SAR Legislative Council election in May 1998 in which Szeto and Li Wah ming won about 145,000 votes, taking two of the three seats in Kowloon East. Although the pro democrats won 20 seats, their influence was balanced by the pro Beijing members elected through the 10 seat Election Committee constituency. Szeto was re elected in 2000 and decided to retire in 2004. In 2005, the "Real Brothers incident" broke out in the Democratic Party as there were allegations of the reformist faction being infiltrated by Beijing. Szeto Wah became one of the five member committee to investigate the incident. As a result, the accused reformist faction was defeated in the 2006 intra party election. On 25 May 2007 Szeto Wah was one of eight people arrested and charged with speaking at a radio show broadcast hosted by the unlicensed Citizen's Radio on the subject of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre. Critics argued that the Hong Kong government selectively persecuted Szeto for using unlicensed equipment when delivering the political message as other members had spoken on the radio and were not charged. Szeto Wah attended the party meeting after chemotherapy and spoke in support of the revised proposal, stating that it was better to have the increase of five directly elected seats, five functional constituency seats but almost directly elected and the abolition of the appointed District Council seats than nothing. After the Democratic Party voted for the revised package, the Democratic Party and Szeto Wah received harsh criticisms from its former allies and supporters, condemning them for betraying democracy and the Hong Kong people. "Longhair" Leung Kwok hung in a protest in front of the PTU headquarters said Szeto Wah had his cancer got into his brain. In the following 1 July march, Szeto on his wheelchair also received criticisms from his supporters, saying that the "Democratic Party sold out Hong Kong people." In response, Szeto argued, "Sold out? How much for selling out? Are you pig or dog? Can you be sold out?"
1971 жылы Гонконг үкіметі сертификатталған ұстаздардың жалақысын медбикелерге 15 пайызға төмендетуді ұсынды, бұл мұғалімдер арасында наразылық тудырды. 1977 жылы "Қымбат қан" алтын мерейтойы орта мектебінде жемқорлық оқиғасы ашылды. Мұғалімдер мен студенттер екі күндік жұмыссыздық акциясын бастады. Осыған жауап ретінде білім беру директоры мұғалімдерге ескерту хаттарын жіберді. ПТУ мұғалімдерден шағымдар алды және ескерту хаттарын қайтарып алуды талап етті. Одан кейін мектеп басшылығын өзгертіп, оқытушылардың келісімшарттарына жаңа шектеулер енгізді және Сето Вахтың кеңестеріне қарсы оқытушыларға ескерту хаттарын жіберді. 1977 жылы мамыр айында Білім департаменті мектепті Атқарушы кеңестің мақұлдауымен жапты. ПТУ мектепті қайта ашуды және оқиғаны тексеруді талап ету үшін жиналыстар мен өтінішхаттар ұйымдастырды. Нәтижесінде губернатор Мюррей МакЛехоз оқиғаны тексеру үшін үш мүшелі комиссия тағайындады, оған Рейсон Хуанг, Ло Кинг Ман және Мейси Вонг кірді. Комиссия мұғалімдер мен студенттерді қабылдау үшін Нг Юк орта мектебін құруды, ескерту хаттарын қайтарып алуды және мектеп әрекеттерін жоюды ұсынды. ПТУ аумақта маңызды еңбек одағы және қысым тобы ретінде өсуін жалғастырды. До Розарионың сөзінше, Сето 70-ші жылдардың ортасында «Гонконгтың саяси аренасындағы ең ықпалды тұлғалардың» біріне айналды. Сето Ва 1996 жылғы бас сайлаудағы бірінші бас атқарушы сайлауын моқтап алу үшін «азаматтық бас атқарушы» ретінде петициялық қозғалысты бастады. Сето ақыры жеке куәлік нөмірлерімен 104 000-нан астам қол жинады. Сайлаудың жеңімпазы Пекин таңдаған кеме жасау магнаты Тун Чи Хва болды. Демократияны қатты қолдағандықтан Time журналы оны «демократияның жаяу әскері» деп сипаттап, Гонконгтың 25 ең ықпалды адамының бірі деп атады. Сето Ва және басқа демократтар 1998 жылғы мамырда өткен алғашқы әкімшілік кеңес сайлауына қатысты, онда Сето және Ли Ва Минг шамамен 145 000 дауыс алып, Коулун шығысындағы үш орынның екеуін жеңіп алды. Демократтар 20 орын жеңіп алғанымен, олардың ықпалы 10 орындық сайлау комитеті округі арқылы сайланған Пекинге жақын мүшелермен теңгерілді. Ол 2000 жылы қайта сайланды және 2004 жылы зейнеткерлікке шықты. 2005 жылы Демократиялық партияда «нағыз бауырлар оқиғасы» болды, реформаторлық фракцияның Пекинмен байланысы бар деген айыптаулар туды. Сето Ва оқиғаны тергеу үшін бес мүшелі комиссияның бірі болды. Нәтижесінде айыпталып отырған реформаторлық фракция 2006 жылғы ішкі партиялық сайлауда жеңіліске ұшырады. 2007 жылғы 25 мамырда Сето Ва 1989 жылғы Тяньаньмэнь алаңындағы наразылықтар мен қырғын туралы радиошоуда сөйлегені үшін ұсталды және айыпталды. Сынаушылар Гонконг үкіметі Сетоның саяси хабарламаны жеткізгені үшін лицензияланбаған жабдықты пайдаланғаны үшін таңдап қудалағанын айтты, өйткені басқа мүшелер радиода сөйлегенімен, оларға айып тағылмады. Сето Ва химиотерапиядан кейін партия отырысына қатысып, түзетілген ұсынысты қолдады, бес тікелей сайланған орынның, бес функционалдық сайлау округі орынының және тағайындалған аудандық кеңес орындарын жоюдың ештеңеден жақсы екенін айтты. Демократиялық партия түзетілген пакетке дауыс бергеннен кейін Сето Ва және Демократиялық партия бұрынғы одақтастары мен қолдаушыларынан демократияға опасыздық жасады және Гонконг халқын сатты деген айыптауларға ұшырады. PTU штаб-пәтерінің алдындағы наразылықта «Ұзыншашар» Леунг Квок Хун Сето Ваның рагы миына тарағанын айтты. 1 шілдедегі шеруде Сето оның мүшелерінен «Демократиялық партия Гонконг халқын сатты» деген сынға ұшырады. Жауап ретінде Сето «Сатылды ма? Қаншаға сатылды? Сен шошқасың ба, итің бе? Сатылуға бола ма?» деді.
Szeto Wah (; 28 February 1931 – 2 January 2011) was a Hong Kong democracy activist and politician. He was the founding chairman of the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China, the Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union and former member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1985 to 1997 and from 1997 to 2004. Being one of the two icons of the Hong Kong democracy movement alongside Martin Lee, Szeto played an instrumental role in the emergence of the pro democracy camp. Entering politics as a trade unionist for teachers, Szeto founded the influential Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union and was first elected to the colonial legislature through the newly created Teaching functional constituency in 1985. He and Martin Lee became the two pro democrats appointed to the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee by the Beijing government in 1985 until the duo resigned in the wake of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre. Szeto played a significant part in gathering popular support of the Hong Kong public in the Tiananmen democracy movement and subsequently the Operation Yellowbird rescuing the wanted democracy activists. He also founded the Hong Kong Alliance which has been responsible for the annual memorials for the protests. On the basis of the pro democracy support he also co founded the United Democrats of Hong Kong to contest in the first Legislative Council direct elections which later transformed into the Democratic Party. Szeto remained as the unofficial party whip of the Democratic Party. He retired from the Legislative Council in 2004 and retained his influence in the pan democracy camp. In 2010, he led the moderate faction of the camp to oppose the radical led Five Constituencies Referendum movement and played a significant role in drawing the revised proposal of the electoral reform package in the Democrats' negotiation with the Beijing authorities. He remained the chairman of the Hong Kong Alliance until he died in 2011 at the age of 79. Early life and underground activism
Szeto Wah was born in Hong Kong on 28 February 1931 in Hong Kong with the family root in Chikan, Kaiping, Guangdong. His father, Szeto Ting, moved to Hong Kong for work during his young age. In 1941 during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong, his family moved back to Kaiping. He recalled his patriotism grew during the war when he heard about the stories of the Chinese war heroes. His mother died at the age of 38 in 1942 and his father remarried afterwards. In 1945, when the war had almost ended, his family moved back to Hong Kong. His father died of cancer at the Precious Blood Hospital in 1952 and was survived by his second wife and ten children. In Hong Kong, Szeto Wah studied at the Yau Ma Tei Government School and then Queen's College, and graduated from the Grantham College of Education. Under his brother Szeto Ming's influence, he and his siblings joined the YWCA which had a strong left wing leaning at the time during his student life. He was contacted by the underground Communists and joined the Chinese New Democracy Youth League, the predecessor of the Communist Youth League of China, in September 1949. Under the instruction of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Szeto founded the Hok Yau Club in 1949. Without any official affiliation, Hok Yau Club was responsible for recruiting youths for the Communist cause. Among the recruits at the time was Mo Kwan nin, who rose to the deputy director of the New China News Agency in 1980s. The club ceased to function between 1952 and 1953 after it was busted by the Hong Kong Police Special Branch. At the same time, he entered the teaching profession in 1952. After the journal was closed down in 1966, the party ceased to contact Szeto. Teacher unionism and activism
In 1971, the Hong Kong government suggested unpegging the salaries of the certificated masters to the nurses to cut their salaries by 15 per cent which sparked an uproar among the teachers. In 1977, the Precious Blood Golden Jubilee Secondary School was exposed with a corruption scandal. The teachers and students launched a strike for two days. In response, the Director of Education issued warning letters to the teachers. The PTU received complaints from the teachers and demanded the withdrawal of the warning letters. Afterwards, the school changed its leadership and issued new restrictions into teachers' contracts and warning letters to teachers against Szeto Wah's advice. In May 1977, the Education Department closed down the school with the approval of the Executive Council. The PTU organised assemblies and petitions to demand the reopening of the school and investigation of the event. As a result, Governor Murray MacLehose appointed a three member committee into the event consisting of Rayson Huang, Lo King man and Maisie Wong. The committee suggested the founding of the Ng Yuk Secondary School to receive the teachers and students, withdrawing the warning letters and negating the actions of the school. The PTU continued to grow into a significant labour union and pressure group in the territory. According to do Rosario, Szeto even became one of "the most influential persons in Hongkong's political scene mid 70s". Szeto Wah also launched a petition movement as the civil Chief Executive to mock the first Chief Executive election of 1996 by the Beijing controlled 400 member Selection Committee. Szeto eventually accumulated more than 104,000 signatures with their ID numbers. The election was ultimately won by shipping magnate Tung Chee hwa who was hand picked by Beijing. For his staunch pro democracy conviction, Time'' once described him as "democracy's foot soldier", and named him one of the 25 most influential people in Hong Kong. Szeto Wah and other Democrats ran in the first SAR Legislative Council election in May 1998 in which Szeto and Li Wah ming won about 145,000 votes, taking two of the three seats in Kowloon East. Although the pro democrats won 20 seats, their influence was balanced by the pro Beijing members elected through the 10 seat Election Committee constituency. Szeto was re elected in 2000 and decided to retire in 2004. In 2005, the "Real Brothers incident" broke out in the Democratic Party as there were allegations of the reformist faction being infiltrated by Beijing. Szeto Wah became one of the five member committee to investigate the incident. As a result, the accused reformist faction was defeated in the 2006 intra party election. On 25 May 2007 Szeto Wah was one of eight people arrested and charged with speaking at a radio show broadcast hosted by the unlicensed Citizen's Radio on the subject of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre. Critics argued that the Hong Kong government selectively persecuted Szeto for using unlicensed equipment when delivering the political message as other members had spoken on the radio and were not charged. Szeto Wah attended the party meeting after chemotherapy and spoke in support of the revised proposal, stating that it was better to have the increase of five directly elected seats, five functional constituency seats but almost directly elected and the abolition of the appointed District Council seats than nothing. After the Democratic Party voted for the revised package, the Democratic Party and Szeto Wah received harsh criticisms from its former allies and supporters, condemning them for betraying democracy and the Hong Kong people. "Longhair" Leung Kwok hung in a protest in front of the PTU headquarters said Szeto Wah had his cancer got into his brain. In the following 1 July march, Szeto on his wheelchair also received criticisms from his supporters, saying that the "Democratic Party sold out Hong Kong people." In response, Szeto argued, "Sold out? How much for selling out? Are you pig or dog? Can you be sold out?"
Өлім және жерлеу
Сето Ва 2011 жылғы 2 қаңтарда Уэльс принці ауруханасында қайтыс болды. Ол 79 жаста еді. Оның соңғы сөздері: "Сәттілікке менің қатысымым міндетті емес, бірақ сәттілік келсе, мен оның бір бөлігі боламын". Цим Ша Цуйдағы Сент-Эндрю шіркеуіндегі қызмет кезінде алты ұзақ және төрт қысқа соққымен қоңырау соғылды, бұл Тяньаньмэнь алаңындағы наразылықтар мен қырғынның құрбандарын бейнеледі. Оның өсиетіне сәйкес, Сетоның денесі өртелді; күлінің жартысы Гонконг суларына, ал қалған жартысы Кейп Коллинсон крематорийінің бағына шашылды. Құғынға ұшыраған материктік диссиденттер Ван Дан мен Вуэркайси жерлеу рәсіміне қатысуға қатты ниет білдірді. «Бір ел, екі жүйе» қағидасы негізінде, Сетоның жерлеу рәсіміне қатысу үшін Гонконгке кіруге рұқсат беруді талаппен пан-демократтар Гонконг үкіметіне жүгінді, бірақ NPCSC делегаты Рита Фан бұл талап үкімет үшін үлкен мәселе тудыратынын, себебі ол үрдіс орнатады деді. 10 қаңтарда Гонконг және Макао істері жөніндегі директор Ван Гуанья диссиденттерге кіруге рұқсат беру туралы шешімді Гонконг үкіметі қабылдайтынын мәлімдеді және олар "жақсы шешеді" деген сенімін білдірді. 26 қаңтарда үкімет Ван Данның Гонконгке кіру өтініші "күтілістің нәтижесінде" қабылданбағанын хабарлады; өкіл бұл шешім оны кіргізудің ықтимал "салдарына" байланысты қабылданғанын айтты. Бұл шешімді Ван, Вуэр Кайси және демократияны қолдайтын заң шығарушы Ли Чукян сынға алды, үкімет "бір ел, екі жүйе" қағидасынан бас тартқанын мәлімдеді.
Жеке өмір
Сето Вах өмірінде ешқашан үйленбеген. 1980-ші жылдары қайтыс болған Вонг Сиу Юнгпен ғана көпшілікке белгілі болған романдық қарым-қатынасы болды. Вонгтың ықпалымен Сето 1985 жылғы 8 сәуірде христиан дініне өтті. Ол Монгкок ауданында кіші әпкесімен бірге тұрды. Оның інісі Сето Кюнг 1950 жылдары мемлекеттік «Жаңа Қытай» жаңалықтар агенттігінің Гонконг бөлімшесіне жұмысқа орналасып, сонда жұмыс істеді. Саяси қызметінен бөлек, Сето қытай каллиграфиясымен де шеберлігімен танымал болды. Ол сонымен қатар жақсы жүзуші еді.