Кіріспе
Химиялық қосылыстар тобы: арил аминдер
Толуидиннің үш изомері бар, олар органикалық қосылыстар. Бұл изомерлер – o-толуидин, m-толуидин және p-толуидин, ал префикстегі әріптер тиісінше орто, мета және пара сөздерін қысқартады. Үшеуі де арил аминдер, олардың химиялық құрылымы анилинге ұқсас, бірақ бензол сақинасына метил тобы қосылған. Осы үш изомердің айырмашылығы – метил тобының (–CH3) аминофункционалдық топқа (–NH2) қатысты сақинадағы орны; химиялық құрылымдардың суретін төменде қараңыз.
There are three isomers of toluidine, which are organic compounds. These isomers are o toluidine, m toluidine, and p toluidine, with the prefixed letter abbreviating, respectively, ortho; meta; and para. All three are aryl amines whose chemical structures are similar to aniline except that a methyl group is substituted onto the benzene ring. The difference between these three isomers is the position where the methyl group (–CH3) is bonded to the ring relative to the amino functional group (–NH2); see illustration of the chemical structures below. Toluidine isomers Methyl position ortho meta para Common name o toluidine m toluidine p toluidine Other names o methylaniline m methylaniline p methylaniline Chemical name 2 methylaniline 3 methylaniline 4 methylaniline Chemical formula C7H9N Molecular mass 107.17 g/mol Glass transition temperature 189 K 187 K Glass not formed Melting point −23 °C −30 °C 43 °C Boiling point 199–200 °C 203–204 °C 200 °C Density 1.00 g/cm3 0.98 g/cm3 1.05 g/cm3 Magnetic susceptibility 76.0 × 10−6 cm3/mol 74.6 × 10−6 cm3/mol 72.1 × 10−6 cm3/mol CAS number [95 53 4] [108 44 1] [106 49 0] SMILES Cc1ccccc1N Cc1cccc(N)c1 Cc1ccc(N)cc1 Disclaimer and references
The chemical properties of the toluidines are quite similar to those of aniline, and toluidines have properties in common with other aromatic amines. Due to the amino group bonded to the aromatic ring, the toluidines are weakly basic. The toluidines are poorly soluble in pure water but dissolve well in acidic water due to formation of ammonium salts, as usual for organic amines. ortho and meta toluidines are viscous liquids, but para toluidine is a flaky solid. This difference is related to the fact that the p toluidine molecules are more symmetrical. p Toluidine can be obtained from reduction of p nitrotoluene. p Toluidine reacts with formaldehyde to form Tröger's base.
Толуидин изомерлері
Метил орны: орто, мета, пара
Жалпы атауы: o-толуидин, m-толуидин, p-толуидин
Басқа атаулары: o-метиланилин, m-метиланилин, p-метиланилин
Химиялық атауы: 2-метиланилин, 3-метиланилин, 4-метиланилин
Химиялық формуласы: C7H9N
Молекулалық массасы: 107.17 г/моль
Шыны тәжірибе температурасы: 189 K, 187 K
Шыны қалыптаспайды
Эриту температурасы: −23 °C, −30 °C, 43 °C
Қайнау температурасы: 199–200 °C, 203–204 °C, 200 °C
Тығыздығы: 1.00 г/см3, 0.98 г/см3, 1.05 г/см3
Магниттік сезімталдық: 76.0 × 10−6 см3/моль, 74.6 × 10−6 см3/моль, 72.1 × 10−6 см3/моль
CAS нөмірі: [95-53-4], [108-44-1], [106-49-0]
SMILES: Cc1ccccc1N, Cc1cccc(N)c1, Cc1ccc(N)cc1
There are three isomers of toluidine, which are organic compounds. These isomers are o toluidine, m toluidine, and p toluidine, with the prefixed letter abbreviating, respectively, ortho; meta; and para. All three are aryl amines whose chemical structures are similar to aniline except that a methyl group is substituted onto the benzene ring. The difference between these three isomers is the position where the methyl group (–CH3) is bonded to the ring relative to the amino functional group (–NH2); see illustration of the chemical structures below. Toluidine isomers Methyl position ortho meta para Common name o toluidine m toluidine p toluidine Other names o methylaniline m methylaniline p methylaniline Chemical name 2 methylaniline 3 methylaniline 4 methylaniline Chemical formula C7H9N Molecular mass 107.17 g/mol Glass transition temperature 189 K 187 K Glass not formed Melting point −23 °C −30 °C 43 °C Boiling point 199–200 °C 203–204 °C 200 °C Density 1.00 g/cm3 0.98 g/cm3 1.05 g/cm3 Magnetic susceptibility 76.0 × 10−6 cm3/mol 74.6 × 10−6 cm3/mol 72.1 × 10−6 cm3/mol CAS number [95 53 4] [108 44 1] [106 49 0] SMILES Cc1ccccc1N Cc1cccc(N)c1 Cc1ccc(N)cc1 Disclaimer and references
The chemical properties of the toluidines are quite similar to those of aniline, and toluidines have properties in common with other aromatic amines. Due to the amino group bonded to the aromatic ring, the toluidines are weakly basic. The toluidines are poorly soluble in pure water but dissolve well in acidic water due to formation of ammonium salts, as usual for organic amines. ortho and meta toluidines are viscous liquids, but para toluidine is a flaky solid. This difference is related to the fact that the p toluidine molecules are more symmetrical. p Toluidine can be obtained from reduction of p nitrotoluene. p Toluidine reacts with formaldehyde to form Tröger's base.
Ескерту және сілтемелер
There are three isomers of toluidine, which are organic compounds. These isomers are o toluidine, m toluidine, and p toluidine, with the prefixed letter abbreviating, respectively, ortho; meta; and para. All three are aryl amines whose chemical structures are similar to aniline except that a methyl group is substituted onto the benzene ring. The difference between these three isomers is the position where the methyl group (–CH3) is bonded to the ring relative to the amino functional group (–NH2); see illustration of the chemical structures below. Toluidine isomers Methyl position ortho meta para Common name o toluidine m toluidine p toluidine Other names o methylaniline m methylaniline p methylaniline Chemical name 2 methylaniline 3 methylaniline 4 methylaniline Chemical formula C7H9N Molecular mass 107.17 g/mol Glass transition temperature 189 K 187 K Glass not formed Melting point −23 °C −30 °C 43 °C Boiling point 199–200 °C 203–204 °C 200 °C Density 1.00 g/cm3 0.98 g/cm3 1.05 g/cm3 Magnetic susceptibility 76.0 × 10−6 cm3/mol 74.6 × 10−6 cm3/mol 72.1 × 10−6 cm3/mol CAS number [95 53 4] [108 44 1] [106 49 0] SMILES Cc1ccccc1N Cc1cccc(N)c1 Cc1ccc(N)cc1 Disclaimer and references
The chemical properties of the toluidines are quite similar to those of aniline, and toluidines have properties in common with other aromatic amines. Due to the amino group bonded to the aromatic ring, the toluidines are weakly basic. The toluidines are poorly soluble in pure water but dissolve well in acidic water due to formation of ammonium salts, as usual for organic amines. ortho and meta toluidines are viscous liquids, but para toluidine is a flaky solid. This difference is related to the fact that the p toluidine molecules are more symmetrical. p Toluidine can be obtained from reduction of p nitrotoluene. p Toluidine reacts with formaldehyde to form Tröger's base.
Толуидиннің химиялық қасиеттері анилинге ұқсас, ал толуидиндер басқа да ароматты аминдермен ортақ қасиеттерге ие. Ароматты сақинаға байланысқан амино тобының арқасында толуидиндер әлсіз негіздік қасиеттерге ие. Толуидиндер таза суда нашар ериді, бірақ органикалық аминдерге тәндей, аммоний тұздарының түзілуіне байланысты қышқыл суда жақсы ериді. Орто- және мета-толуидиндер тұтқыр сұйықтықтар, ал пара-толуидин қабыршақты қатты зат. Бұл айырмашылық p-толуидин молекулаларының симметриялы болуымен байланысты. p-Толуидин p-нитротолуенді тотығу арқылы алынуы мүмкін. p-Толуидин формальдегидпен әрекеттесіп, Трогер негізін құрайды.
There are three isomers of toluidine, which are organic compounds. These isomers are o toluidine, m toluidine, and p toluidine, with the prefixed letter abbreviating, respectively, ortho; meta; and para. All three are aryl amines whose chemical structures are similar to aniline except that a methyl group is substituted onto the benzene ring. The difference between these three isomers is the position where the methyl group (–CH3) is bonded to the ring relative to the amino functional group (–NH2); see illustration of the chemical structures below. Toluidine isomers Methyl position ortho meta para Common name o toluidine m toluidine p toluidine Other names o methylaniline m methylaniline p methylaniline Chemical name 2 methylaniline 3 methylaniline 4 methylaniline Chemical formula C7H9N Molecular mass 107.17 g/mol Glass transition temperature 189 K 187 K Glass not formed Melting point −23 °C −30 °C 43 °C Boiling point 199–200 °C 203–204 °C 200 °C Density 1.00 g/cm3 0.98 g/cm3 1.05 g/cm3 Magnetic susceptibility 76.0 × 10−6 cm3/mol 74.6 × 10−6 cm3/mol 72.1 × 10−6 cm3/mol CAS number [95 53 4] [108 44 1] [106 49 0] SMILES Cc1ccccc1N Cc1cccc(N)c1 Cc1ccc(N)cc1 Disclaimer and references
The chemical properties of the toluidines are quite similar to those of aniline, and toluidines have properties in common with other aromatic amines. Due to the amino group bonded to the aromatic ring, the toluidines are weakly basic. The toluidines are poorly soluble in pure water but dissolve well in acidic water due to formation of ammonium salts, as usual for organic amines. ortho and meta toluidines are viscous liquids, but para toluidine is a flaky solid. This difference is related to the fact that the p toluidine molecules are more symmetrical. p Toluidine can be obtained from reduction of p nitrotoluene. p Toluidine reacts with formaldehyde to form Tröger's base.
Пайдалануы және пайда болуы
Ортоизомер ең көп көлемде өндіріледі. Оның басты қолданылуы – метолахлор және ацетоклор пестицидтеріне дейінгі зат ретінде. Басқа толуид изомерлері бояу шығаруда қолданылады. Олар цианоакрилат желімдерінің жылдамдатушыларының құрамына кіреді. Кейбір науқастарда о-толуид прилокаиннің метаболиті болып табылады, бұл метгемоглобинемияға әкелуі мүмкін. Бұл жағдайда метилен көгімен емделеді.