Мэллор: Манчестердегі тарихы мен ерекшеліктері

Mellor is a village in Greater Manchester, England, lying between Marple Bridge and New Mills, Derbyshire. Buildings in the village include St. Thomas' Church, a primary school, golf course, sports club, a riding school, three pubs (the Royal Oak, The Devonshire Arms and The Oddfellows Arms) and the late 17th century Mellor Hall. The village was a civil parish in the county of Derbyshire until 1936, when it was transferred to Marple Urban District in Cheshire. In 1974, it became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport in Greater Manchester.

The origin of the name Mellor is uncertain. In one Celtic dialect, the term would translate to "the bare (or rounded) hill" The name Mellor does not appear in the Norman era Domesday Book, although the neighbouring settlement of Ludworth (recorded as Lodeuorde) is listed. It is possible that Ludworth originally included Mellor and that they split into two distinct areas at a later date. The Saxons built a church at the southernmost end of the Iron Age settlement at some point in the 7th or 8th centuries. The church was subsequently destroyed and rebuilt, possibly several times. St. Thomas' Church has the oldest known wooden pulpit in Britain, possibly the world. Dating from the reign of Edward II (1307–1327), it is octagonal and carved from a single piece of wood. The church also has a 12th century font. According to local legend, Mellor Hall is built on the foundations of the house of a Norman nobleman. During excavations of the Iron Age hill fort, a 13th century hall was discovered. By the time of the English Civil War, Marple had become important in the region, so much so that John Bradshawe, Lord President of the High Court of Justice and Lord of Marple Hall, was the first to sign the death warrant of King Charles I.

Samuel Oldknow was a significant businessman and mill owner in Mellor during the Industrial Revolution. Just across the River Goyt are the "Roman Lakes". These are not Roman, but were water reservoirs for Samuel Oldknow's Mellor Mill, a cotton mill that was a major employer in the area during the Industrial Revolution. The mill was destroyed by fire in November 1892. Another major figure in Mellor at this time was William Radcliffe, a mill owner who invented many devices for improving the textile industry. At the height of the Industrial Revolution, coal power supplanted water power as the driving force and minable coal seams were found in Mellor. Relatively recently, British Coal strip mined the seams that still contained commercially viable coal. Before it expanded in the Victorian era, Mellor was a small village of a few houses, including the hamlet of Moorend, now considered part of Mellor.

Mellor lies in the foothills of the Pennines, just outside the area of Derbyshire known as the High Peak. Nearby villages include Rowarth, Marple Bridge, Ludworth and Mill Brow. The town of Marple lies across the River Goyt. A little further away are the towns of Romiley and New Mills, and the villages of Hayfield and Strines. Mellor Church and Mellor Hall are on a ridge, separated from the bulk of the village by a gully and stream. The oldest part of inhabited Mellor runs alongside the River Goyt, stretching from the oldest parts of Marple Bridge up the hill and spreading out where the slope becomes gentler. Newer parts of the village run down Longhurst Lane, the old turnpike road, and into former farmland released for building by Townscliffe Farm. At the very top of Mellor is the junction of Five Ways; one of these roads runs to Mellor, a second to Rowarth, a third to Strines and New Mills, the fourth to a water treatment plant and a fifth to many farms on the edge of Mellor. Spoil heaps indicate mining operations here; coal was mined in the general area during the Industrial Revolution. Due to its topology, Mellor lies on one of the easier points for entering the Pennines from the Mersey Basin by road or foot. It is also on the flight path for air traffic into Manchester Airport.

Mellor is within a gritstone area in a part of the Peak District referred to as the Dark Peak; in contrast, the limestone region of the Peak District is referred to as the White Peak. The underlying geology of the area belongs to the Carboniferous Millstone Grit series, which outcrop as the Middle Grit. Below this are shales, mudstones and older Gritstones, such as the Kinder Scout Grit which forms the Kinder Plateau to the east. Boulder clay, left from the Ice Age, can usually be found just below the surface level soil. At one point, all of the Peak District – Mellor included – was submerged beneath relatively warm waters; evidence for this is the limestone region, with the limestone containing fossils of coral and other shallow depth warm water creatures. The gritstone comes from deposits laid down about 300 million years ago over the limestone. Shallow coal deposits lie on top of the gritstone, although most of these have long since been mined. Very deep coal deposits occur further into the Pennines but, again, many of these have been worked out. The soil in Mellor is fairly rich in peat and can bog easily, but there are no permanent peat bogs within Mellor itself. The only other noteworthy detail on Mellor's geology is the almost complete absence of iodine, particularly in the water of the River Goyt. If no other source of iodine is in the diet, the consequent iodine deficiency can lead to an enlarged thyroid gland, a condition known as "Derbyshire Neck" or goitre.

On the creation of Greater Manchester, Mellor became a part of Stockport Metropolitan Borough.

Mellor compared2001 UK censusMellorStockport (borough)EnglandTotal population2,394284,52849,138,831White98.2%95.7%90.9%Asian1.4%2.1%4.6%Black0%0.4%2.3%
According to the Office for National Statistics, at the time of the 2001 Census, Mellor had a population of 2,394. The 2001 population density was , with a 100 to 92.1 female to male ratio. Of those over 16 years old, 18.8% were single (never married), 54.6% married and 6.6% divorced. This was significantly different to the borough and country figures, with a higher rate of marriages and fewer single people. Mellor's 1,070 households included 27.4% one person, 43.5% married couples living together, 5.7% were co habiting couples and 5.9% single parents with their children. Of those aged 16–74, 20.9% had no academic qualifications. At the 2001 UK census, 88.4% of Mellor's residents reported themselves as Christian, 1.0% Muslim and 0.2% Hindu. The census recorded 5.8% as having no religion, 0.2% had an alternative religion and 4.4% did not state their religion.

There are a number of societies within Mellor, ranging from church activities to painting and rambling. Some of these societies run charitable events in the area. For example, every four years, the local residents open a number of private gardens during an event known as the Mellor Open Gardens day. The purpose of the event is to raise funds for Cancer Research UK and the support of the local Parish Centre. Another event is the Mellor March, in which ramblers carry out a sponsored walk to traverse the boundary of Mellor.

Mellor is served by three bus routes. The 375, operated by Little Gem, runs to Stockport via Marple and Hazel Grove; the service is hourly on weekdays. The 802 and 819 school services also run to Mellor from Rose Hill and Harrytown respectively. The village does not have its own railway station; the closest is Marple station.