Нижний Тагил: Тарихы мен өнеркәсібі

City in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia

Nizhny Tagil is a city in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located east of the boundary between Asia and Europe. Population:

The history of Nizhny Tagil dates back to the mid 16th century, when the Stroganovs received the right to possess land by the Kama and Chusovaya basins. In 1579 they founded the first settlement, the Utkin sloboda, by the river Utka, the mouth of Chusoya. Fateyevo, the first Russian village in the Tagil region, was founded in 1665. In 1696, by the order of Tsar Peter the Great, the Vysokogorsky iron ore quarry was opened. Voevode Dmitry Protasyev was elected to search for iron and magnetic ores. The first Russian steam locomotive was constructed there in 1833, and the father and son engineers who developed it, Yefim and Miron Cherepanov (Черепанов), were in 1956 commemorated by an bronze statue (executed by sculptor A. S. Kondratyev and architect A. V. Sotnikov) which stands in the center of the Theatrical Square in the heart of downtown. According to some sources, the copper for the skin of the Statue of Liberty was mined and refined in Nizhny Tagil. However, research by Bell Laboratories in New Jersey, USA, suggests that the Visnes mine in Norway is the most likely source.

Rivers and ponds take up one third of the city's territory. Nizhny Tagil spans from north to south and from east to west. The altitude of the city varies from
The city is built around the extinct volcano Lisya Mountain. This mountain with a watchtower on its top is a symbol of the city. Another hill, Медведь Камень, is located in the northern part of the city at an altitude of
Neighboring cities include Yekaterinburg to the south, Serov and Priobye in the north, Perm in the west, and Alapayevsk and Verkhnyaya Salda in the east.

The city features a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfc) with mildly warm summers and very long and cold winters. Precipitation is mostly concentrated between late spring and early fall, peaking in the months of July and August. A freeze has been recorded for every month of the year.

In 2015, a large portion of the land within the bounds of the city is dominated by the facilities of the factories located in this industrial city. Nizhny Tagil is an industrial center of the Middle Urals. Highly power intensive industries such as ferrous metallurgy, engineering, chemistry, and metal working are well developed in the city. A total of 606 manufacturing companies operate in Nizhny Tagil. Nizhny Tagil Iron and Steel Plant (Nizhnetagilsky Metallurgichesky Kombinat, NTMK) is a leading Russian steel company. Uralvagonzavod (UVZ) is the main producer of modern tanks on the territory of the former Soviet Union and Russia. It is the largest main battle tank manufacturer in the world. The T 72, T 90, and T 14 are produced in the city. There are resources to manufacture medical tools for traumatology at the Nizhny Tagil medical tools plant.

Nizhny Tagil is one of centers of exhibition activity in the Middle Urals. Nizhny Tagil Institute of Metals Testing was the host of the international exhibitions such as Ural Expo Arms / Russian Expo Arms, Russian Defense Expo (2001 and 2002).

The 42nd Rocket Division of Strategic Rocket Forces is based in Nizhny Tagil, equipped with 36 Topol nuclear missiles.

The House of Demidov's initiatives in the area of culture helped to develop the Tagil community into the Urals' most important cultural center. In the 19th century, a library and the museum of natural history and antiquity were opened. The city has a network of approximately 24 libraries servicing 75,000 readers every year. Tagil museums include the old regional history museum, the museum of Fine Arts, and a number of new museums opened in the 1990s: the museum of tray painting art, the museum of lifestyle and handicrafts representing the starting point of a new ethnographic complex. The Demidov Park, a new cultural and historical project, is planned to be built in the city. However, due to European sanctions against Russia, its foundation has been postponed. Nizhny Tagil has been chosen to host international Urals' Industrial Heritage conferences and workshops. In 2003, during the 12th International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage, a charter was signed for the conservation of Russian industrial heritage. City theatrical life is represented by four theaters: the National D. N. Mamin Sibiryak Academic Drama Theater, a puppet theater, a youth theater, and the actor department of Nizhny Tagil College of Arts, which has been training actors and actresses.

The oldest university is Nizhny Tagil State Socio Educational Academy. The state educational academy operates 4 institutes, 13 faculties and 29 departments. There is post graduate work in three fields: general education, the history of pedagogy and education, Russian history, the Russian language. In art and graphics department 2008 year launched five workshops in which students engage in decorative art. The academy has four modern sports halls. In summer, a wall is erected for climbing. There is a gymnasium and fitness room. The Nizhny Tagil Technological Institute is located south east of the city center.

The city formerly had an association football team, FC Uralets Nizhny Tagil, which played in the Russian Second Division and was dissolved in 2006. The city ice hockey team is Sputnik Nizhny Tagil, which played in the Russian Major League. The bandy club Metallurg Nizhny Tagil plays in the 2nd highest division. Nizhny Tagil is a host of several competitions in ski jumping World Cup.

Medical care is provided in 29 medical care centers that employ 1,100 doctors and 4,500 assistants. Annually, up to 100,000 people are hospitalized, 28,000 surgeries are performed, and up to four million appointments are registered in the city medical care centers. There is a Yekaterinburg branch of eye microsurgery in Nizhny Tagil. There is obstetrical care. There is a network of municipal and private pharmacies. In 2015, pollution from factories was annually. Respiratory rate of infection in children was 50% higher than the rest of the country. The city had the highest rate of stomach and lung cancer in the country.

Rail lines and highways connect the city to the rest of the country. Near the city there is a Salka Aerodrome, located northeast of the city. It was a military base until 1994. Then it became a civil airfield with main activities in Russian experimental aviation.