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English Protestants executed during the English Reformation
the Protestant martyrs

Protestants were executed in England under heresy laws during the reigns of Henry VIII (1509–1547) and Mary I (1553–1558), and in smaller numbers during the reigns of Edward VI (1547–1553), Elizabeth I (1558–1603), and James I (1603–1625). Protestant theologian and activist John Foxe described "the great persecutions & horrible troubles, the suffering of martyrs, and other such thinges" in his contemporaneously published Book of Martyrs. Protestants in England and Wales were executed under legislation that punished anyone judged guilty of heresy against Catholicism. Although the standard penalty for those convicted of treason in England at the time was execution by being hanged, drawn and quartered, this legislation adopted the punishment of burning the condemned. At least 280 people were recognised as burned over the five years of Mary I's reign by contemporary sources.

The English Reformation had put a stop to Catholic ecclesiastical governance in England, asserted royal supremacy over the English Church and dissolved some church institutions, such as monasteries and chantries. An important year in the English Reformation was 1547, when Protestantism became a new force under the child king Edward VI, England's first Protestant ruler. Edward died at age 15 in 1553. His relative Lady Jane Grey claimed the throne but was deposed by Edward's Catholic half sister, Mary I.

The relationship between the English church and Rome was restored at the accession of Queen Mary I to the English throne in 1553. With her repeal of all religious legislation passed under Edward VI, Protestants faced a choice: exile, reconciliation/conversion, or punishment. Many people were exiled, and hundreds of dissenters were burned at the stake, earning her the nickname of "Bloody Mary". The number of people executed for their faith during the persecutions is thought to be at least 287, including 56 women. Thirty others died in prison. Although the so called "Marian Persecutions" began with four clergymen, relics of Edwardian England's Protestantism, They are known locally as the "Marian Martyrs". English Saints and Martyrs of the Reformation Era are remembered in the Church of England with a Lesser Festival on 4 May.

Order of death. Name Residence Description Date of execution Place of execution ReferencesProtestants executed under Henry VIII 1. Thomas Hitton Martham, Norfolk clergyman – priest burnt 23 February 1530 Maidstone, Kent 2. Thomas Benet Exeter, Devon teacher burnt 15 January 1531 Exeter, Devon 3. Thomas Bilney Taken at Norwich, Norfolk clergyman – priest burnt 19 August 1531 Lollards Pit, Norwich, Norfolk 4. Richard Bayfield Taken at Mark Lane, London monk – Benedictine (former) and chamberlain of Bury St Edmunds Abbey burnt 27 November 1531 Smithfield, London 5. John Tewkesbury St Michael le Querne Parish, Paternoster Row, London leatherseller burnt December 1531 Smithfield, London 6. 'An old man' Buckinghamshire burnt 1531 7. Davy Foster Yorkshire poor artificer burnt 1531 8. James Bainham Middle Temple, London lawyer burnt 30 April 1532 Smithfield, London 9. John Bent Urchfont, Wiltshire burnt in or before April 1532 Devizes, Wiltshire 10 Trapnel burnt in or before April 1532 Bradford, Wiltshire 12. John Frith Westerham, then Sevenoaks, Kent – Taken after he had been preaching at Bow Lane, London clergyman – canon at Cardinal College, Oxford burnt 4 July 1533 Smithfield, London 13. Andrew Hewet Watling Street, London (born in Faversham, Kent) apprentice to a tailor burnt 4 July 1533 Smithfield, London 24. Robert Pakington Cheapside, London mercer murdered 13 November 1536 Cheapside, London 25. William Cowbridge Wantage, Berkshire clergyman (purported) – 'exercised the office of a priest, in teaching and administering of the sacraments, but being no priest indeed' burnt after – probably shortly after – 22 July 1538 Oxford, Oxfordshire 26. John Lambert The Stocks – a market for meat and fish in the City of London clergyman – priest, and teacher of Greek and Latin burnt 22 November 1538 Smithfield, London 27 Puttedew Suffolk burnt in or before 1538 Suffolk 31. Giles Germane burnt 1539 St Giles in the Fields, outside London 32. Launcelot servant of the king burnt 1539 St Giles in the Fields, outside London 37. William Collins London lawyer and gentleman burnt 7 July 1540 Smithfield, London or Southwark 38. Robert Barnes Austin Friary, Cambridge (until 1528) monk – Augustinian burnt 30 July 1540 Smithfield, London 39. Thomas Gerrard (or Gerard, Garret or Garrard) All Hallows Honey Lane Parish, London clergyman – rector of All Hallows Honey Lane burnt 30 July 1540 Smithfield, London 43. Richard Mekins 'a child that passed not the age of fifteen years' burnt 30 July 1541 44. Richard Spenser clergyman (former) – 'a Priest who leaving his papistry, had married a wife, and became a player in interludes' Burnt about 1541/2 Salisbury, Wiltshire 45. John Ramsey player in interludes burnt about 1541/2 Salisbury, Wiltshire48. Adam Damlip (also known as George Bucker) Calais clergyman – former chaplain to Bishop John Fisher hanged, drawn and quartered 22 May 1543 Calais Windsor Martyrs 49. Robert Testwood City of London (originally) musician in the college at Windsor burnt 28 July 1543 Windsor, Berkshire 50. Anthony Pearson clergyman – priest of Windsor; popular preacher burnt 28 July 1543 Windsor, Berkshire 51. Henry Filmer churchwarden of St John the Baptist Church, Windsor burnt 28 July 1543 Windsor, Berkshire 52. Unknown man Calais poor labouring man burnt 1540 Calais Calais 55. Unknown man servant of Henry burnt 1545 or 1546 Colchester, Essex wife of Master Thomas Kyme, a farmer and landowner of Friskney, Lincolnshire 59. Nicholas Belenian Shropshire clergyman – priest burnt 16 July 1546 Smithfield, London 60. John Adams Colchester, Essex tailor burnt 16 July 1546 Smithfield, London 63. Oliver Richardine Whitchurch parish, Shropshire burnt 1546 Hartford West 2. George van Parris Dutchman 1551 Protestants executed under Mary I1. John Rogers City of London clergyman – preacher, biblical translator, lecturer at St. Paul's Cathedralburnt 4 February 1555 Smithfield, London2. Lawrence Saunders City of London clergyman – preacher, Rector of All Hallows Bread Street, Londonburnt 8 February 1555 Coventry, Warwickshire3. John Hooper Gloucester and Worcester clergyman – Bishop of Gloucester and Worcester under Edward VI burnt 9 February 1555 Gloucester, Gloucestershire 4. Rowland Taylor Hadleigh, Suffolk clergyman – Rector of Hadleigh, Suffolk burnt 9 February 1555 Aldham Common, Nr Hadleigh, Suffolk 5. Rawlins White Cardiff, Glamorgan fisherman burnt March 1555 Cardiff, Glamorgan 6. Thomas Tomkins Shoreditch, London weaver burnt 16 March 1555 Smithfield, London 7. Thomas Causton Horndon on the Hill or Thundersby, Essex gentleman burnt 26 March 1555 Rayleigh, Essex 8. Thomas Higbed Horndon on the Hill or Thundersby, Essex gentleman burnt 26 March 1555 Horndon on the Hill, Essex 10. Stephen Knight barber burnt 28 March 1555 Maldon, Essex 11. William Pygot (or Pigot) butcher burnt 28 March 1555 Braintree, Essex William Dighel burnt 28 March 1555 Banbury, Oxfordshire 15. George Marsh Dean, Lancashire clergyman – curate to Laurence Saunders and minister at Dean, Lancashire burnt 24 April 1555 Boughton, Cheshire 16. William Flower Lambeth, London surgeon and teacher burnt 24 April 1555 Westminster 17. John Cardmaker Wells, Somerset clergyman – prebendary of Wells Cathedral burnt 30 May 1555 Smithfield, London 18. John Warne Walbrook, London upholsterer burnt 30 May 1555 Smithfield, London 20. Thomas Watts (or Wattes) Billericay, Essex linen draper burnt 10 June 1555 Chelmsford, Essex 21. John Ardeley (or Ardite) Wigborough, Essex husbandman burnt 30 May 1555 (or 'about 10 June', according to Foxe) Rayleigh, Essex 23. Nicholas Chamberlain (or Chamberlaine) Coggeshall, Essex weaver burnt 14 June 1555 Colchester, Essex 24. William Bamford (or Butler) Coggeshall, Essex weaver burnt 15 June 1555 Harwich, Essex Coggeshall, Essex fuller burnt 15 June 1555 Manningtree, Essex 27. John Leaf (or Jhon Least) Christ Church Greyfriars, London (born in Kirkby Moorside, Yorkshire) apprentice tallow chandler burnt 1 July 1555 Smithfield, London Canterbury Martyrs of July 155528. John Bland (or Blande) Rolvenden, Kent clergyman – vicar of Rolvenden, Kent burnt 12 July 1555 Canterbury, Kent 29. Nicholas Shetterden (or Shitterdun) burnt 12 July 1555 Canterbury, Kent 31. Humphrey Middleton Ashford, Kent burnt 12 July 1555 Canterbury, Kent 34. Margaret (or Margery) Polley Pepeling, Calais36. John Launder Godstone, Surrey husbandman burnt 23 July 1555 Steyning, West Sussex 38. Richard Hook (or Hooke) lame man burnt unknown date in July 1555 Chichester, West Sussex 39. James Abbess Stoke by Nayland, Suffolk shoemaker burnt 2 August 1555 Thetford, Norfolk (or Bury, according to Foxe) Canterbury Martyrs of August 1555 42. William Coker burnt 23 August 1555 Canterbury, Kent 43. William Hopper Cranbrook, Kent Walbrook, London widow of John Warne, upholsterer burnt 23 August 1555 Stratford atte Bow, London 49. Roger Hues (aliases: Curryer, Corier) St Mary's, Taunton, Somerset burnt 24 August 1555 Taunton, Somerset 50. George Tankerfield London (born in York) cook burnt 26 August 1555 St Albans 51. Patrick Pakingham (aliases: Packingham, Pachingham, Patchingham or Pattenham) burnt 28 August 1555 Uxbridge, Middlesex 54. Stephen Harwood Ware, Hertfordshire brewer burnt 30 August 1555 Stratford in Essex 55. Thomas Fust (or Fusse) hosier, August 1555 In the environs of London or Ware59. Thomas Cob Haverhill, Suffolk butcher burnt date unknown September 1555 Thetford, Norfolk 61. Robert Streater (or Streter) Hythe, Kent burnt about 6 September 1555, according to Foxe (or 12 July 1555) Canterbury, Kent burnt about 6 September 1555, according to Foxe (or 12 July 1555) Canterbury, Kent 66. Cornelius Bongey (or Bungey) capper burnt 20 September 1555 Coventry, Warwickshire 67. Thomas Hayward (or Heywarde) burnt mid September 1555 Lichfield, Staffordshire 70. Robert Pygot (or Pigot) Wisbech, Isle of Ely, Cambridgeshire painter, also an Ely Martyr burnt 16 October 1555 Cathedral Green, Ely, Cambridgeshire clergyman – chaplain to King Edward VI burnt 16 October 1555 outside Balliol College, Oxford Canterbury Martyrs of November 155573. John Webbe (or Web) gentleman burnt 30 November 1555 Canterbury, Kent 75. Gregory Parke (or Paynter) burnt 30 November 1555 Canterbury, Kent 77. Thomas Whittle (or Whitwell) Essex clergyman – priest or minister burnt 27 January 1556 Smithfield, London 81. John Went (or Winter or Hunt) Langham, Essex artificer burnt 27 January 1556 Smithfield, London Canterbury Martyrs of 1556 84. John Lomas (or Jhon Lowmas) Tenterden, Kent burnt 31 January 1556 Wincheap, Canterbury 85. Annes Snoth (or Annis Snod) Smarden, Kent widow burnt 31 January 1556 Wincheap, Canterbury 90. Joan Trunchfield Ipswich, Suffolk wife of Michael Trunchfield, a shoemaker burnt 19 February 1556 Ipswich, Cornhill 92. John Maundrel Beckhampton, Wiltshire – brought up in Rowde, Wiltshire husbandman burnt 24 March 1556 outside Salisbury, Wiltshire 94. John Spicer (or Spencer) Winston, Suffolk 96. Joan Beach Tunbridge Wells, Kent widow burnt 1 April 1556 Rochester, Kent 98. William Tyms (or Timmes) Hockley, Essex clergyman – curate of Hockley, Essex burnt 24 April 1556 Smithfield, London 100. Richard Spurge Bocking, Essex shearman burnt 24 April 1556 Smithfield, London 105. John Mace Colchester, Essex apothecary burnt 28 April 1556 Colchester, Essex 111. John Apprice (or Aprice) blind man burnt 15 May 1556 Stratford Atte Bow or Stratford in Essex 113. Thomas Croker bricklayer burnt about 15 May 1556 Gloucester, Gloucestershire 118. John Deny (or Denny) (possibly a female Joan or Jone) Beccles, Suffolk burnt 21 May 1556 Beccles, Suffolk 121. John Oswald (or Oseward) Woodmancote, Sussex husbandman burnt 6 June 1556 Lewes, Sussex Thomas Avington (or Euington) Ardingly, Sussex turner burnt about 6 June 1556 Lewes, Sussex Stratford Martyrs, 11 men and 2 women. 129. Henry Adlington (or Addlinton) Grinstead, Sussex sawyer burnt 27 June 1556 Stratford Atte Bow 144. John Guin/Jhon Gwin shoemaker 148. Guillemine Gilbert St Peter Port, Guernsey, Channel Islands burnt 18 July 1556 St Peter Port, Guernsey, Channel Islands 151. Anne Tree (or Try) West Hoathly, Sussex burnt 18 July 1556 Grinstead, Sussex 155. William Shapton weaver burnt 17 October 1555 Bristol 158. Thomas Ravensdale burnt 24 September 1556 Mayfield, Sussex 165. John Phillpott Tenterden, Kent burnt 16 January 1557 Wye, Ashford, Kent 168. William Waterer Biddenden, Kent burnt 15 January 1557 Canterbury, Kent 175. William Carman (or Carmen) burnt day and month unknown 1557 176. Thomas Loseby burnt 12 April 1557 Smithfield, London 177. Henry Ramsey burnt 12 April 1557 Smithfield, London 180. Agnes Stanley (or Stanlye) burnt 12 April 1557 Smithfield, London 181. Richard Sharpe weaver burnt 7 May 1557 Cotham, Bristol 182. Thomas Hale shoemaker burnt 7 May 1557 Cotham, Bristol 185. Thomas King burnt 18 June 1557 Maidstone, Kent 190. Katherine Allin (or Allen) Maplehurst Mill, Frittenden, Kent Wife of Edmund Allin/Allen, miller burnt 18 June 1557 Maidstone, Kent burnt 19 June 1557 Canterbury, Kent 201. George Stevens (or Steuens) Warbleton, Sussex burnt 22 June 1557 Lewes, Sussex 210. Simon Miller (or Milner) Lynn, Norfolk burnt 13 July 1557 Norwich, Norfolk 211. Elizabeth Cooper St Andrew's Church, Norwich, Norfolk wife of a pewterer burnt 13 July 1557 Norwich, Norfolk Colchester Martyrs of August 1557213. William Bongeor St Nicholas Parish, Colchester, Essex glazier burnt 2 August 1557 Colchester, Essex 222. John Johnson Thorpe, Essex labourer burnt 2 August 1557 Colchester, Essex 224. Father Fruier burnt August 1557 Rochester, Kent 226. Sister of George Eagles burnt August 1557 Rochester, Kent 229. Thomas Benion weaver burnt 27 August 1557 Bristol – may be the same as Joyce Bowes, August 1557 (the Regester) 231. Ralph Allerton/Rafe Glaiton Much Bentley, Essex burnt 17 September 1557 Islington 232. James Austoo (or Auscoo) burnt 17 September 1557 Islington (or March 1558, Colchester) 238. Thomas Spurdance servant of the Queen burnt November 1557 Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk 239. John Halingdale/Hallingdale/Hollingday carpenter240. William Sparrow burnt, 18 November/or day unknown October 1557 Smithfield, London 243. Margaret Maring (or Mering) burnt 22 December 1557 Smithfield, London Cuthbert Symson/Symion London/Islington, Middlesex clergyman – deacon of the church in London/Islington, Middlesex died 28 March 1558 Smithfield, London 246. Hugh Foxe hosier249. William Seaman (or Symon) Mendlesham, Suffolk husbandman burnt 19 May 1558 Norwich, Norfolk 250. Thomas Hudson Aylsham, Norfolk glover burnt 19 May 1558 Norwich, Norfolk 253. Richard Day burnt 26 May 1558 Colchester, Essex 255. Henry Pond (or Houde) burnt 27 June 1558 Smithfield, London Islington Martyrs (second group)270. Robert Milles (or Plummer) shearman burnt about 25 July 1558 Bury St Edmunds 274. John (or Richard) Snell Bedale, Yorkshire burnt 9 September 1558 Richmond, Yorkshire Ipswich Martyrs of 1558275. Alexander Gooch (or Geche, or Gouch) Woodbridge or Melton, Suffolk weaver of shredding coverlets burnt 4 November 1558 Ipswich Cornhill 276. Alice Driver Grundisburgh, Suffolk wife of a husbandman burnt 4 November 1558 Ipswich Cornhill 278. John David/Jhon Dauy (brother of Henry David) burnt November 1558 Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk 281. Christopher Brown Maidstone, Kent burnt 15 November 1558 Canterbury Dutchman – member of a conventicle in Aldgate, London 22 July 1575 Smithfield, London 2. Hendrik Ter Woort Hethersett, Norfolk ploughwright 20 May 1579 Norwich Castle 4. John Lewes 7. John Greenwood London Puritan divine: Separatist 6 April 1593 London 8. Henry Barrowe (or Barrow) London lawyer : Separatist 6 April 1593 London Radical Protestants executed under James I1. Bartholomew Legate Hornchurch, Essex cloth trader 18 March 1612 Smithfield, London 2. Edward Wightman