Кокула: Мариachi өнерінің алғашқы отаны

Cocula ( "ondulated place") is a city and municipality in the Mexican state of Jalisco. It is located southwest of Guadalajara, on Mexico Highway 80. It sits at an elevation of 4,460 feet (1359 m). According to the 2020 census, the population of the municipality was 29,267 with 16,550 inhabitants living in the city. Other important towns in the municipality are Cofradía de la Luz, La Sauceda, and Santa Teresa.

The Cocula regional economy is primarily agrarian based, growing not only maize and agave but also sorghum, chickpeas, alfalfa and mangoes, and is one of the nation's top sugar cane producers. It is also known for the raising of (to a lesser degree) pigs, poultry, goats, and cattle. Cocula City proper is also the head of local commerce, with a wide range of specialized retailers of food, clothing, housewares, farm & garden supply and construction materials; the city is also the primary center for general regional public services such as banks, hospitals, auto repair shops and other civic industries.

Cocula was called originally Cocollán or Cocolán, which has been interpreted to mean "ondulated place." Around the 12th century, some families of the Coca tribe who inhabited the Kingdom of Tonalá were forced to flee the area due to hostility towards them. A group guided by Huehuetztlatzin founded Cocollán in today's Acatlan de Juarez area. Cocollán was destroyed at the beginning of the 16th century. They tried to establish themselves in the Tlajomulco area a few miles from there but were expelled by the local tribes. They ended up occupying the top of a mountain close to the original Cocollán site where they remained until the arrival of the Spaniards. By 1520, Cocollán was an independent city under the rule of Chief Citlali (The Star). It had some tributary towns under its control like Acatlan, Villa Corona, Tizapanito, Xilotepetque and Tecolotlán. In 1521, the Spanish army under Alonso the Avalos conquered Cocollán and surrounding towns and incorporated them into the Avalos Province. A few years later, Franciscan friars persuaded the indigenous inhabitants of the city to relocate to a valley nearby, which is its present location. This is believed to have happened in 1532. There are still remains of the old city, which is referred to as Cocula Vieja (Old Cocula). In 1833, Cocula was declared a city, Cocula is best known as the birthplace of mariachi.

Cocula is referred to as "La Cuna del Mariachi," or "The Cradle of Mariachi," given that mariachi music originated there in the 19th century. As one enters or exits Cocula, two large arches, featuring two guitars or violins, bear the inscription "Bienvenidos a Cocula, Cuna Mundial del Mariachi." Many well known mariachi groups have come from Cocula and surrounding areas. A famous Mexican Artist named Jorge Negrete sang a song called "Cocula" that talks about this town and how mariachi originated there.

Municipal presidentTermPolitical partyNotesJosé Corona Ochoa1914José Sánchez N.1916Gabriel H. Tortolero1916–1917José María Castillo Jiménez1918–1919Juan O. Hernándezz1918–1922Pablo Preciado1922Francisco M. Díaz García1924Salvador Molina Rojas1925Juan V. Grajeda1926Sóstenes Castillo1927Gerardo Rodríguez Tapia1932PNR Francisco Pérez Camacho1934–1935PNR Luis Vargas Pulido1935PNR Tomás Ramírez1936PNR Aurelio Aréchiga Rubio1936PNR Pablo Vázquez Barboza1937PNR Celerino Acosta Vargas1938PRM J. Ventura Virgen1940PRM José de Jesús Aréchiga Terán1941–1942PRM Ignacio Arriola Ochoa1943–1944PRM Encarnación Vázquez Nuño1945PRM José Agustín Valdez Vázquez1946PRI José Guadalupe Acosta Bañuelos1946PRI Francisco Ixtláhuac Aréchiga1947–1948PRI Celerino Acosta Vargas1949PRI Enrique Acosta Tortolero1950–1951PRI José Raimundo Ibarra Rodríguez1953–1954PRI Celerino Acosta Vargas1955PRI Guadalupe Ibarra R.1956–1958PRI Miguel Allende Morales1959–1960PRI Juan Ramírez Nuño1960–1961PRI Francisco Vázquez Vázquez1962PRI Manuel Terán Mariscal1964PRI J. Jesús Águila Díaz1965–1967PRI Enrique Silva Plazola1967PRI Acting municipal presidentRafael Montelongo Rangel01 01 1968–31 12 1970PRI J. Luis López Ibarra01 01 1971–31 12 1973PRI Carlos Ramírez Corona01 01 1974–31 12 1976PRI José Ixtláhuac Virgen01 01 1977–31 12 1979PRI Jorge Virgen Serrano01 01 1980–31 12 1982PRI Rafael Vázquez Amador 01 01 1983–1985PRI Carlos E. Arriola Pérez01 01 1986–31 12 1988PRI J. Luis Ibarra Moreno01 01 1989–1992PRI J. Luis Facundo Guerrero1992–1995PRI Arturo Facundo Ramírez 1995–1997PRD Juan Carlos Orozco Flores 01 01 1998–31 12 2000PRD Gustavo Cabral González 01 01 2001–31 12 2003PAN Antonio Vázquez Medina01 01 2004–31 12 2006PAN Arturo Facundo Guerrero 01 01 2007–31 12 2009PRD PT Héctor de Jesús Castillo Andrade01 01 2010–30 09 2012PAN Félix Alberto Ibarra Vázquez 01 10 2012–30 09 2015PAN Francisco Javier Buenrostro Acosta01 10 2015–30 09 2018PRI PVEM Miguel de Jesús Esparza Partida 01 10 2018–05 03 2021PT Morena PES Miguel Ángel Ibarra Flores01 10 2021–30 09 2024PRI