Мичиган штатындағы Санфорд көлінің тарихы және құлауы

Lake in Midland County, Michigan, United States of America

Sanford Lake was a man made reservoir located in Midland County, Michigan, but is no longer present since the failure of the dam in May 2020. It was formed by the damming of the Tittabawassee River near the village of Sanford, Michigan. It was built for flood control and the production of hydroelectric power. The dam is owned and operated by the Four Lakes Task Force, a property owners' group that was established by the Midland and Gladwin County boards of commissioners to oversee the dams and the impoundment lakes created by them, who took over ownership as a condition of the settlement agreement that resulted from the condemnation proceedings with former dam owner, Boyce Hydro, LLC.

The main body of the lake stretched for about 6 mile (10 km) north of the dam; since the collapse the water remains deep enough for small boat navigation up past the town of Edenville, 10 mile (16 km) north of the dam. The lake was slightly over half a mile wide at its widest point. A survey by the Michigan DNR measured the main body of the lake at According to the Sanford Lake Improvement Board website maintained by Midland County, the lake has a surface area of and a shoreline length of 34.5 mile (56 km). In May 2020, the Sanford Dam, as well as the Edenville Dam to the north, failed following rain and neglect of the dams. This resulted in the flooding of Sanford, Midland, Saginaw, and other surrounding areas.

Sanford Lake was a recreation spot for the county and surrounding counties. There were two public access points to the lake and many private community access points. Before 2020, pontoon boats, personal watercraft, sport fishermen, and swimmers used the lake in the summer. Sanford Lake Park is located on the west side of the former lake near the dam. This park, maintained by Midland County, had boat ramps, a sandy beach area with volleyball and swimming, pull up parking for boats and jet skis, picnic pavilions, playgrounds, and a seasonal concession stand. Access was by car for an entry fee or by boat. As of May 2023, the park remained closed for construction.

As a reservoir with a predominantly muddy bottom, turbidity was higher than the average natural lake in Michigan. The introduction of Zebra mussels in the 1990s improved water clarity, but led to significant weed growth throughout the shallow portions of the lake. Weed control programs were attempted over the years with varying degrees of success. Sanford Lake had a range of Michigan species: bluegill, rock bass, perch, calicos, northern pike, crappie, catfish, walleye, smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, musky, suckers, and carp. The DNR stocked 65,000 walleye off the Sanford Lake Marina ramp in the spring of 2006. Several bass fishing competitions took place during the year, as well as a catfish derby. What used to be the shoreline is mostly developed with single family homes. Many of these homes are located in small neighborhood communities which maintained private boat launch sites, picnic areas, and lake access for non lakefront property owners. The area of the lake farther north was lined with some wetlands and wilderness areas mixed with housing. There was one small marina on the east shore of the lake (Sanford Lake Marina).

Following a period of heavy rain, the Edenville Dam 11 mile (18 km) upstream overtopped and failed on May 19, 2020. The breach of the Edenville Dam in two areas of the levee caused more water to be released into the Tittabawassee River which feeds into Sanford Lake. The floodwaters quickly overran Sanford Dam, washing out its fuse plug and escaping around the sides of the dam, eventually leading to the failure of the dam. Sanford Dam was built in 1925 and had received a "fair" condition rating by the state. The 1924 Edenville Dam had received a "poor" rating, though it had been deemed worthy of another hydroelectric generator by the state. At the time of the failure, both dams were in the process of being sold to the Four Lakes Task Force (FLTF), a 'delegated authority' created by a resolution between Midland and Gladwin counties. On May 26, 2020, the FLTF announced that they were halting the acquisition of the Boyce Hydro properties under the terms and conditions negotiated in 2019, and would seek other private and public sources of funding for the eventual purchase. On December 7, 2020, Four Lakes Task Force was granted a motion to acquire the dams through condemnation, also known as eminent domain.