Эдрис Райс Врей: Орал контрацепцияны зерттеуші және қоғамдық денсаулық сардары

Medical researcher

Edris Roushan Rice Wray (January 21, 1904 – February 19, 1990) was an American pioneer in medical research who was influential in studying the oral contraceptive pill. Rice Way headed a large scale clinical trial of the first birth control pill in the late 1950s in Puerto Rico.

She was born in New York City, New York. Rice Wray attended Vassar College, where she specialized in public health, and graduated in 1927. She also attended Cornell University where she was a member of the Alpha Phi sorority. She received the Sesquicentennial Award for "knowledge, wisdom and courage of service" from the University of Michigan in 1967.

Rice Wray worked as a doctor at Northwestern University and had a long career working for the advancement of public health. She went to Puerto Rico in 1948 and was a faculty member of the Puerto Rico Medical School and medical director of the Puerto Rico Family Planning Association. It was there that she headed the first large scale clinical trials working for over 17 years until the United Nations called her to work in Mexico.

In the early 1950s, Rice Wray's work was focused on studying the effectiveness of the birth control pill. Puerto Rico was selected as the location for these trials in 1955 in part because there was an existing network of birth control clinics serving low income women on the island and liberalized laws existed regarding distributing information about family planning. In 1937, a law had been passed in Puerto Rico that made it legal for married couples to receive advice about contraception. Since accessing the pill was legal, trials began there in 1956. In April 1956, Rice Wray had been working with the Family Planning Association of Puerto Rico and joined this project. Some of the women who participated in the study received the first combined oral contraceptive pill, Enovid. In 1956, she started to distribute the pills. Rice Wray noticed early on that there were potentially problematic side effects from the dosage in the early birth control pill. Her concerns were initially dismissed by Dr. Rock and Gregory Pincus, who argued the concerns raised by women were unfounded. Rice Wray handled the fieldwork in the studies; however, she was eventually forced to leave her position in the Health Department as her studies were seen to conflict with it. She then went on to set up similar trials in Haiti and Mexico. In 1958 she founded Mexico's first family planning clinic in Mexico City.

Rice Wray was the daughter of Mabel and Theron Canfield Rice Wray, who were married in 1903. Originally from New York City, Rice Way spent much of her adult life in Mexico and Puerto Rico. Faith was an important aspect of her personal life. She was one of the early followers of the Baháʼí Faith in Mexico and obtained the rights to the Spanish translation of the Baháʼí Faith book Portals of Freedom while in Mexico. She showed a long standing commitment to public health and wellness. Gregory Pincus, who was often credited with creating the pill, would often cite the work of Rice Wray as being instrumental to its success. By the 1970s she moved to Puebla, Mexico, in the municipality of Cholula where she worked as professor at UDLA (University of the Americas Puebla) in the fields of ecology, anthropology and population studies. Rice Wray contributed her knowledge in medicine, including regarding the contraceptive pill, in San Pedro Cholula and San Andrés Cholula, Puebla.

She was one of the signatories of the agreement to convene a convention for drafting a world constitution. As a result, for the first time in human history, a World Constituent Assembly convened to draft and adopt the Constitution for the Federation of Earth.

During the last days of her life, she lived in Cholula, Puebla, Mexico, and died at her home in San Andres Cholula, accompanied by her daughters and grandchildren in 1990.