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American baseball player and coach

Ralph George Houk ('/h//aʊ//k/; August 9, 1919 – July 21, 2010), nicknamed "the Major", was an American catcher, coach, manager, and front office executive in Major League Baseball. He is best known as the successor of Casey Stengel as manager of the New York Yankees from 1961 to 1963, when his teams won three consecutive American League pennants and the 1961 and 1962 World Series championships. In he became the second rookie manager to win 100 games in a season and third rookie manager to win a World Series. He was the first manager to win World Series titles in his first two seasons and the first manager since Hughie Jennings to win three pennants in his first three seasons.

A native of Lawrence, Kansas (Stull Community), Houk was a catcher working his way through the Yankees' farm system when the U. S. entered World War II. He enlisted in the armed forces, serving with Company I, 89th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron (Mechanized) of the 9th Armored Division in July 1944. He rose to the rank of Major (the source of his Yankees nickname). He was a combat veteran of Bastogne and the Battle of the Bulge, and was awarded the Silver Star with an Oak Leaf Cluster, the Bronze Star with an Oak Leaf Cluster and Purple Heart. Returning to baseball after the war, Houk eventually reached the major leagues, serving as the Yankees' second and third string catcher behind Yogi Berra. A right handed hitter listed as 5 feet (2 m) tall and , Houk played in only 91 games over eight seasons (1947–1954), finishing with a batting average of .272. Although the Yankees participated in six World Series during that period, Houk had only two at bats (one in , the other in ), batting .500.

During his last five years as a major league player (1950–1954), Houk played in only 31 regular season games, made 30 total plate appearances, and caught 83 innings. By 1953 he had transitioned to becoming the Yankees' full time bullpen coach, effectively beginning his managerial apprenticeship. In 1955 he was named manager of the Yanks' Triple A affiliate, the Denver Bears of the American Association. Following three highly successful seasons at Denver, culminating with the 1957 league playoff and Junior World Series championships, Houk returned to the Bronx as Stengel's first base coach from 1958 to 1960. From late May through early June , Houk served as acting manager of the Yanks for 13 games while Stengel, 70, was sidelined by illness. (The team won 7 and lost 6.) Then, after the Yanks lost the 1960 World Series to the Pittsburgh Pirates—and with Houk one of the hottest managerial candidates in baseball—the Yankees "discharged" Stengel (to use Stengel's own words) and promoted Houk.

Houk was known as a "player's manager"—albeit one with a quick temper. Future Los Angeles Dodgers manager Tommy Lasorda briefly played for Houk at Denver and called Houk the best handler of men he ever played for, and modeled his managerial style on him. The Kansas Sports Hall of Fame, of which Houk is a member, describes Houk as "rough, blunt and decisive" and his tantrums in arguments with umpires earned him 45 ejections as a manager in the majors. Houk is tied with Billy Martin for fourteenth place on baseball's "most ejected" list. The early 1960s Yankees responded to Houk's leadership; the 1961 team led by Roger Maris (61 home runs), Mickey Mantle (54 homers) and Whitey Ford (25 victories) won 109 games and beat the Cincinnati Reds in five games in the World Series. His club won 96 games, and were victorious over the San Francisco Giants in seven games in the Fall Classic. In , the Yanks won 104 games and rolled to the pennant, but were swept in four games by the Dodgers in the Series. Not all players found him to be a steller players' manager, though. He was featured a handful of times in Jim Bouton's book Ball Four, as Bouton was reminiscing about his time with the Yankees in 1969. Houk was described in one instance as "sometimes 99 percent pure bullshit."

Houk moved into the Yankees' front office as general manager on October 23, 1963, replacing Roy Hamey, and Berra, at the end of his playing career, became the Yanks' new manager. The Yankees won the pennant under Berra after a summer long struggle with the Baltimore Orioles and Chicago White Sox, but Houk and the Yankee ownership quickly became disenchanted with his work and in late August they made up their mind to fire him regardless of how the season turned out. After the Yankees' seven game loss to the St. Louis Cardinals in the 1964 World Series, Houk sacked Berra. Later, Houk said that the Yankee brain trust had concluded Berra wasn't ready to be a manager, though he didn't elaborate on the reasoning. To succeed Berra, he then hired Johnny Keane, who had just resigned as manager of the champion Cardinals. Houk had admired Keane as a competitor in the American Association from almost a decade before and, according to author David Halberstam, the Yankees had made overtures to Keane during the 1964 regular season about becoming their manager for 1965. But the great postwar Yankee dynasty was aged and crumbling, the farm system had seriously deteriorated, and the Kansas City Athletics were no longer a reliable source for major league talent. Keane, a longtime minor league manager, was better suited by temperament for managing young players than established and aging superstars, and his hiring was a failure. The team fell to sixth in —their first losing record since 1925, and only their second since 1918. When they won only four of the first 20 games of , Houk fired Keane on May 7 and named himself manager, assuming that job for the second time.

Houk (eventually succeeded as general manager by Lee MacPhail) thus began a second, and far less successful, term as Yankee manager, finishing the 1966 season. Their talent and farm system both depleted, the Yankees finished in last place for the first time since A long rebuilding process followed, including Bobby Richardson's retirement (Richardson's roommate, Tony Kubek, had retired because a bad back after the 1965 season) and the trading away of Maris, Clete Boyer and, during the 1967 season, Elston Howard. Houk continued to manage the Yankees from 1967 until 1973. His best season was , when the Yanks won 93 games, but finished 15 games behind the eventual World Series champion Baltimore Orioles. Despite two years left on a three‐year contract, Houk announced his resignation immediately after a season ending 8–5 loss to the Detroit Tigers on September 30, 1973, in the final game at Yankee Stadium prior to its closure for a two year renovation. While first year team owner George Steinbrenner's commanding style has led some to think the new owner influenced Houk's departure, he told Bill Madden of the New York Daily News it was the constant booing of Yankee fans that pushed him. Houk even said that Steinbrenner insisted he'd get some new players to restore the team's greatness. "And he did, bringing in Catfish and Reggie, " Houk told Madden in Pride of October. "That'll make you good in a hurry!" Apart from a brief stint with the Tigers' Class B affiliate in Augusta, Georgia, he had spent the first 35 years of his adult life on the Yankees' payroll.

Houk signed a three year, $225,000 contract to join the Tigers in a similar capacity just less than two weeks later, on October 11. He succeeded former Yankees teammate Billy Martin, who had been fired on September 2 and Joe Schultz, who served in the interim for the remainder of the 1973 season. Aware of the challenge he was going to face, he stated, "I'm more concerned with winning than rebuilding, but we have to rebuild, there's no doubt about it." A veteran team Detroit's 1973 roster averaged 31.8 years of age the Tigers were five years removed from winning the World Series and had just had won the AL East in 1972 under Martin. But the team was in need of a rebuild and began moving on from their longtime stars including future Hall of Famer Al Kaline, who retired after Houk's first season. The low point came in , when Houk's team lost 102 games at the time the second most losses in a season in franchise history but the Tigers improved their record by 14 games behind the heroics of rookie pitcher Mark Fidrych, who won 19 games while becoming a national sensation. By , Houk had restored Detroit to respectability and the Tigers won 86 games their first winning season since 1973, and the first of 10 consecutive winning seasons with future stars of the Sparky Anderson led 1980s Tigers such as Lou Whitaker, Alan Trammell and Jack Morris. After the 1978 season, with the roster's average age a youthful 26.3, Houk retired from baseball.

Houk's name had been linked by the media with the Boston Red Sox' managerial job since his days as a Yankees' coach. After two years of retirement, in the autumn of , Houk, then 61, was ready to get back into baseball. In late October, when the Red Sox called about their opening after they had fired Don Zimmer, he jumped at the chance. Although not as daunting as his Detroit assignment, Houk faced another rebuilding job: the powerful Boston team of the 1970s was about to lose marquee players such as Carlton Fisk and Fred Lynn and needed to retool its roster. But Houk rose to the challenge, and in four seasons produced three over .500 teams. On his watch, Boston broke in young players Wade Boggs, Roger Clemens, Bruce Hurst and Marty Barrett. When Houk retired from managing permanently in October , just after his 65th birthday, he bequeathed the core of another pennant winning ballclub (in this case, the 1986 Red Sox) to his successor, John McNamara. His final record, over 20 years with the Yankees (1961–1963, 1966–1973), Tigers (1974–1978) and Red Sox (1981–1984) was 1,619 wins and 1,531 losses (.514), plus eight wins and eight losses in the World Series. In twenty seasons as manager, he had eleven winning seasons, with six finishes of third or better and five seasons with a finish of sixth or worse. After his first three championship seasons, he never appeared in the postseason.

Houk served with the Minnesota Twins as a special assistant to general manager Andy MacPhail, Lee's son, from 1987 to 1989 before retiring from the game for good.

Team Year Regular season PostseasonGamesWonLostWin %Finish Won Lost Win % ResultNYY 162109530.673 1st in AL 4 1 .800 Won World Series (CIN)NYY 16296660.593 1st in AL 4 3 .571 Won World Series (SF)NYY 161104570.646 1st in AL 0 4 .000 Lost World Series (LAD)NYY 13966730.475 10th in AL – – – –NYY 16272900.444 9th in AL – – – –NYY 16283790.512 5th in AL – – – –NYY 16180810.497 5th in AL East – – – –NYY 16293690.574 2nd in AL East – – – –NYY 16282800.506 4th in AL East – – – –NYY 15579760.510 4th in AL East – – – –NYY 16280820.494 4th in AL East – – – –NYY total 1750 944 806 0.539 8 8 .500 DET 16272900.444 6th in AL East – – – –DET 159571020.358 6th in AL East – – – –DET 16174870.460 5th in AL East – – – –DET 16274880.457 4th in AL East – – – –DET 16286760.531 5th in AL East – – – –DET total 806 363 443 0.450 0 0 – BOS 5630260.536 5th in AL East – – – –5229230.558 2nd in AL EastBOS 16289730.549 3rd in AL East – – – –BOS 16278840.481 6th in AL East – – – –BOS 16286760.531 4th in AL East – – – –BOS total 594 312 282 0.525 0 0 – Total 3150 1619 1531 0.514 8 8 .500