Джеймс Хаас Шойер: Американ саяхатшысының өмірбаяны

American politician

James Haas Scheuer (/ʃ//ɔɪ//ə//r/ SHOY er) (February 6, 1920 – August 30, 2005) was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from New York. He was also affiliated with the Liberal Party of New York.

Scheuer was born and raised in New York City, where he attended the Ethical Culture Fieldston School. He received a bachelor's degree from Swarthmore College in 1942, a master's degree from Harvard Business School in 1943, and a law degree from Columbia University Law School in 1948. His brothers were Richard J. Scheuer, a scholar and philanthropist, Walter Scheuer, an investor and documentary maker, and Steven H. Scheuer, a television and film critic. His sister is Amy Scheuer Cohen of Larchmont, NY. He was married in 1948 to interior designer Emily Malino (1925–2007) and had four children. Scheuer contracted polio while on his honeymoon, and recuperated for a year at President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Warm Springs facility in Georgia. He walked with a cane for the rest of his life. and opposed governmental interference in private matters such as contraception and abortion. He was "the first high ranking American official to meet with refuseniks" and in 1972 was detained and then expelled from the Soviet Union for meeting with Jews who were trying to emigrate from that country. Scheuer ran for Mayor of New York City in 1969, but finished last in a field of five in the Democratic primary. Population loss in the Bronx and redistricting in 1970 and again in 1972 pitted Scheuer against two other incumbent Congressmen in succession. In 1970 he defeated Representative Jacob H. Gilbert, but two years later he was defeated by Representative Jonathan Bingham. Scheuer ran for Congress once again in 1974, moving to Neponsit, Queens in a different New York City district to succeed retiring Democrat Frank J. Brasco, who represented parts of south Queens and Brooklyn. He served his second stint as Representative from January 3, 1975, until January 3, 1993. In the 1980 Census his district was once again eliminated and he again moved to an open seat, this time based in Northeast Queens.

Following his retirement, he served as the United States Director of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development from 1994 until 1996. Scheuer died of heart and kidney failure at age 85.