Физиканы оқыту әдістемелері

Set of methods to teach physics

the academic journal

Physics education or physics teaching refers to the education methods currently used to teach physics. The occupation is called physics educator or physics teacher. Physics education research refers to an area of pedagogical research that seeks to improve those methods. Historically, physics has been taught at the high school and college level primarily by the lecture method together with laboratory exercises aimed at verifying concepts taught in the lectures. These concepts are better understood when lectures are accompanied with demonstration, hand on experiments, and questions that require students to ponder what will happen in an experiment and why. Students who participate in active learning for example with hands on experiments learn through self discovery. By trial and error they learn to change their preconceptions about phenomena in physics and discover the underlying concepts. Physics education is part of the broader area of science education.

Aristotle wrote what is considered now as the first textbook of physics. Aristotle's ideas were taught unchanged until the Late Middle Ages, when scientists started making discoveries that didn't fit them. For example, Copernicus' discovery contradicted Aristotle's idea of an Earth centric universe. Aristotle's ideas about motion weren't displaced until the end of the 17th century, when Newton published his ideas. Today's physics students often think of physics concepts in Aristotelian terms, despite being taught only Newtonian concepts.

In Hong Kong, physics is a subject for public examination. Local students in Form 6 take the public exam of Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE). Compare to the other syllabus include GCSE, GCE etc. which learn wider and broader on different topics, the Hong Kong syllabus is learning more deeply and more challenges with calculations. Some schools only allow students choose physics as elective subject since Form 4, some schools provide physics compulsory curriculum in Form 3 and then allow students to choose in Form 4, and some other schools allow students choose physics as elective subject since Form 3. Also, most schools use English language as the medium of instruction for physics,

Pure Physics major programmes are provided in the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) and University of Hong Kong (HKU). Topics include engineering physics, mechanics, thermodynamics, fluids, wave, optics, modern physics, laboratory, heat, electromagnetism, quantitative methods, computational physics, astronomy, astrophysics, classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, quantum information, statistical physics, theoretical physics, computer simulation, soft matter, practical electronics, contemporary physics, instrumentation, statistical mechanics, solid state physics, meteorology, nanoscience, optical physics, theory of relativity and particle physics etc. There are different approaches of delivering physics lectures in different universities in Hong Kong. In CUHK, most relevant knowledge including quantitative methods and computer simulation are learnt in the Department of Physics, which may let the students learn deeper into the concept that applied to the physics problems,

There are also Enrichment Stream in Theoretical Physics offered by CUHK and International Research Enrichment Track offered by HKUST. Students wishing to continue to study physics after their GCSEs may then choose to study the subject as an A level qualification (lasting two years) or an AS level (lasting one year). A level physics also includes required practicals, but unlike at GCSE, these are assessed in class by teachers. Students who pass are given "practical accreditation", which some universities require before allowing a student onto certain science courses. There are still questions in the final exams regarding practical technique, but answering these questions correctly does not contribute to practical accreditation. Much of the content of A level physics is elaborating (albeit quite extensively) on topics covered at GCSE, with the addition of units not present in the GCSE course, such as particle physics. Despite containing significantly less mathematical rigour nowadays than in the past, physics is still widely regarded as the most demanding A level course available, and is one of the least popular subjects in proportion to its availability. There is some concern that not enough 17 to 18 year olds are leaving school with A level physics to meet the demands of the modern job market.

In Scotland, Highers and Advanced Highers replace GCSEs and A levels respectively. The content of the qualifications is fairly similar. Since Scottish post 16 school students finish school a year earlier than their counterparts in the rest of the UK, the content of the first year of the physics degrees offered at most Scottish universities is similar to the second year of A level physics.

Most university physics courses in the UK have their content moderated by the Institute of Physics (IOP) and are referred to as being "IOP accredited". The aim of this is to ensure that all physics students graduate with the knowledge and skills required to work as a professional physicist. Physics can be studied as a 3 year Bachelor of Science degree (4 years in Scotland) or as an integrated Master's degree, in which students who pass the first 3 or 4 years then take a final "master's year" without having to apply again for any Master's courses. Alternatively, students who initially apply to study BSc Physics can apply to study for a master's degree when they graduate.

Number of Publications on Students' Ideas on the Bibliography by Duit (2005) Fragment Publication Mechanics (force)* 792 Electricity (electrical circuit) 444 Optics 234 Particle model 226 Thermal physics (heat/temp.) 192 Energy 176 Astronomy (Earth in space) 121 Quantum physics 77 Nonlinear systems (chaos) 35 Sound 28 Magnetism 25 Relativity 8 * Predominant concept in brackets. Adapted from Duit, R., H. Niedderer and H. Schecker (see ref.). Physics education research is the study of how physics is taught and how students learn physics. It a subfield of educational research.