Француз энтомологі және Diptera маманы Пьер Маккар

French entomologist

Pierre Justin Marie Macquart (8 April 1778 – 25 November 1855) was a French entomologist specialising in the study of Diptera. He worked on world species as well as European and described many new species.

Macquart was born in Hazebrouck, France, in 1778 and died in Lille in 1855. He was interested in natural history from an early age due to his older brother who was an ornithologist and a Fellow of the Société de Sciences de l’Agriculture et des Arts de la Ville de Lille and whose bird collection became the foundation of the societies museum, the Musée d'Histoire Naturelle de Lille. A second brother founded a botanic garden with a collection of over 3000 species of plants. Macquart, too became interested in natural history. In 1796 he joined the staff of General Armand Samuel then campaigning in the Revolutionary Wars. He was a secretary and draftsman. The general staff was stationed in Schwetzingen, then Heidelberg, Mainz, Aarau, Basel and Zürich. He left the army in 1798 returning to Lille with German books, insects and birds.

The only works on exotic (non European) Diptera at this time were those of Christian Rudolph Wilhelm Wiedemann particularly Diptera exotica (1820 1821) and Aussereuropaischen Diptera (1828 1830). Wiedemann had not seen the imposing collections in Paris and these were to occupy Macquart for the rest of his life. He described nearly 2,000 new species in his Insectes diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus (1838 1855) which lists the collections examined to that date. They are those of: Jules Dumont d'Urville with René Primevère Lesson (the largest including material from the Falkland Islands, the coast of Chile and Peru, the southern and western Pacific, Australia, New Zealand and New Guinea); Justin Goudot who had explored South America from 1822 (and continued to until 1842); a Louis Pilate who was based in Georgia and Louisiana U. S. A. but lived for five years in Mérida, Yucatán; Auguste Sallé, a young collector later to become a Paris insect dealer with South American connections; Alcide Charles Victor Marie Dessalines d'Orbigny who between 1826 and 1823 had travelled, on a mission for the Paris Museum, into Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, Bolivia and Peru returning France with an enormous collection of more than 10,000 natural history specimens; Peter Claussen (c. 1804–1855) a Danish naturalist who collected in Brazil, a M. Giesebrecht, Étienne Geoffroy Saint Hilaire (Diptera from Egypt) and three members of a Belgian Commission for the exploration of tropical countries, August Giesebreght (1810–1893), Nicholas Funk (1817–1896) and Jean Jules Linden (1817–1898). Material continued to pour into the museum from these and other sources as Macquarts reputation spread.

In 1845 Macquart went to Switzerland to see Maximilian Perty and from there to Germany, aware that events were moving rapidly to the revolutions of 1848. This was his last journey outside Paris. He is buried in Lille.

1811. Mémoire sur les plantations dans le département du Nord. Séance Publique de la Société des Sciences de Lille, 4, 116–131. (first published paper)
1819. Notice sur les insectes Hemiptères du genre Psylle. Seanc Soc Sci Agr Arts Lille 5: 81 86. 1826 Insectes diptères du nord de la France 1 and 2 Asiliques, bombyliers, xylotomes, leptides, vésiculeux, stratiomydes, xylophagites, tabaniens Lille : impr. L. Danel. 1827 Insectes diptères du nord de la France 3 Platypézines, dolichopodes, empides, hybotides Lille : impr. L. Danel. 1829 Insectes diptères du nord de la France 4, Syrphies Lille : impr. L. Danel. 1834 1835. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Dipteres Paris : Roret. 1838 Insectes diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Two volumes. Paris: Roret. All these works are available as free electronic texts from the National Library of France, Gallica. 1839 Diptéres. In ‘ Histoire naturelle des Iles Canaries,’ by Philip Barker Webb and Sabin Berthelot,
vol. 2, pt. 2, p. 97. Paris. 1842 Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus Mémoires Soc Sci Agr Arts Lille 1841(1): 62 200. 1843 Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus Mémoires Soc Sci Agr Arts Lille 1842: 162 460. 1848 Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus Mémoires Soc Sci Agr Arts Lille 1847(2): 161 237. 1850 Facultés intérieures des Animaux invertébrés. 8vo. Lille. This includes an 80 page autobiography. 1855 Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus Mémoires Soc Sci Agr Arts Lille (2)1: 25 156.