Америкалық қаржы компаниясының тарихы мен дамуы

American banking and financial services company

CIT Group (CIT), a subsidiary of First Citizens BancShares, is an American financial services company. It provides financing, including factoring, cash management, treasury management, mortgage loans, Small Business Administration loans, leasing, and advisory services principally to individuals, middle market companies and small businesses, primarily in North America. Under the reporting mark CEFX, it leases locomotives and railroad cars to rail transport and shipping companies in North America. It also operates a direct bank. In January 2022, CIT was acquired by First Citizens BancShares.

On February 11, 1908, Henry Ittleson founded the Commercial Credit and Investment Company in St. Louis, Missouri to finance accounts receivable at small companies. In 1915, the company moved its headquarters to New York City and renamed itself Commercial Investment Trust (CIT). By that time, the company provided financing for wholesale suppliers and producers of consumer goods. The company added automobile financing to its product line in 1916 through an agreement with Studebaker, the first of its kind in the auto industry. During World War I, CIT financed the manufacture of 150 submarine chasers. It also added consumer financing of radios through an agreement with Thomas Edison, Inc. During the Roaring Twenties following the war, consumer spending rose dramatically and CIT prospered in its consumer appliance, furniture, and automobile financing groups. In 1924, CIT incorporated in Delaware and became a public company via an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange. CIT began offering factoring in 1928 and expanded operations into Europe in 1929. With international tensions rising prior to World War II, CIT closed its German operations in 1934. Arthur O. Dietz succeeded Ittleson as president of the company in 1939. During the war, CIT offered its 2,000 employees a month's bonus, life insurance, and a guaranteed job on return if they served in the United States Armed Forces. Between 1947 and 1950, the company's net income rose from $7.3 million to $30.8 million. Ittleson died at age 77 on October 27, 1948. In 1960, Walter Lundell succeeded Dietz as president of the company. In 1964, it acquired Gibson Greeting Cards for $36 million. In 1965, it acquired Meadow Brook Bank for $106.7 million in stock. On November 15, 1999, CIT acquired Toronto based Newcourt Credit Group in a $4.2 billion transaction, which created one of the largest publicly owned leasing companies.

In 2001, Tyco acquired CIT for $9.2 billion in stock. CIT was renamed as Tyco Capital. Tyco ran into operating troubles and sold or spun off non core operations, including CIT. On July 8, 2002, Tyco completed its divestment of its Tyco Capital business through an initial public offering, via the sale of 100% of the common shares in CIT Group Inc. In 2004, the company acquired the technology leasing unit of GATX for about $200 million in cash. In 2006, CIT moved its global headquarters back to New York City, opening a new headquarters at 11 West 42nd Street, across from the New York Public Library. Under the leadership of CEO Jeff Peek, assets at CIT rose 77% from 2004 to the end of 2007 as it acquired companies in education lending and subprime mortgages. Those acquisitions turned out to be disastrous for the company and in the following eight quarters, CIT reported more than $3 billion in losses.

On July 1, 2008, the company announced the sale of its home lending division to Lone Star Funds for $1.5 billion in cash and the assumption of $4.4 billion in debt and the sale of its manufactured housing loan portfolio, with a face value of $470 million in loans, to Vanderbilt Mortgage and Finance for approximately $300 million. In December 2008, CIT became a bank holding company to receive $2.33 billion in funds from the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). On July 15, 2009, CIT's request for Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation loan guarantees was rejected. On July 19, 2009, the company received $3 billion from its bondholders including Pacific Investment Management Company (PIMCO) to delay bankruptcy. On November 1, 2009, CIT filed a prepackaged bankruptcy under Chapter 11. On December 10, 2009, CIT emerged from bankruptcy protection. As part of the reorganization plan, CIT named seven new independent directors. On January 19, 2010, Peter J. Tobin, a member of the board of directors, was named interim chief executive officer, replacing Jeff Peek, who resigned effective January 15, 2010. On February 8, 2010, former Merrill Lynch CEO John Thain was hired as chairman and chief executive officer. In June 2014, the company acquired Direct Capital. On August 3, 2015, CIT Group acquired OneWest Bank, established in 2009 by a consortium of private equity investors led by Steven Mnuchin, for $3.4 billion in cash and stock.

In March 2016, CEO John Thain retired and was succeeded by Ellen Alemany, a member of the board of directors. In April 2017, the company sold its aircraft lease business to Avolon for $10.38 billion. In October 2017, the company sold Financial Freedom, acquired as part of the acquisition of OneWest Bank, and its reverse mortgage portfolio. In October 2018, the company sold its European rail leasing business, NACCO, which was its last overseas operation. In January 2020, CIT acquired Mutual of Omaha Bank. In January 2022, CIT was acquired by First Citizens BancShares.