Жапониядағы жаңа қалалық құрылыс: Тама қаласы

Japanese residential development

Tama New Town (多摩ニュータウン) is a large residential development, straddling the municipalities of Hachiōji, Tama, Inagi and Machida cities, in Tokyo, Japan. It was designed as a new town in 1965. It is approximately long stretching east west, and between and wide, located in an expanse of hills known as Tama Hills about west of the center of the special wards of Tokyo. It currently has a population of about 200,000, making it the largest housing development in Japan.

During the Japanese post war economic miracle, a rapid influx of population into Tokyo led land prices to skyrocket, causing many to settle on the cheaper outskirts of the city, leading to an unplanned, rapid urban sprawl. It was feared that, left to its own devices, the uncontrolled expansion of built up areas would lead to poorly planned communities with insufficient infrastructure to support the population and with poor access to amenities and transport. Tama New Town was planned in 1965 to attempt to ease this pressure by providing hundreds of thousands with housing in a planned, pleasant urban environment. The planning and development was carried out jointly by The Housing and Urban Development Corporation, Tokyo Metropolitan Housing Supply Corporation and Tokyo Metropolitan Government. The original planned population was 342,200, and the designated area was 2,892.1 hectares. Construction began the following year and the first phase opened in 1971. Construction continued in phases for the next few decades.

It is divided into 21 neighborhoods, each with about 3000 to 5000 houses and apartments, each with two elementary schools and one junior high school as well as a neighborhood center with shops, kōban, post office, clinics and the like. Several neighborhoods form one district, each of which are centered on a commuter rail station. Tama New Town is not a municipality in itself; instead, it straddles the pre existing boundaries of Tama, Hachiōji, Inagi and Machida cities, and each area is administered by its respective municipal authorities, all of which come under the jurisdiction of Tokyo Metropolis.

The area surrounding the Tama Center Station complex, in the municipality of Tama, is the designated center of Tama New Town. The area is separated into business, commercial and leisure zones. Tama Center Station itself is serviced by the Tama Toshi Monorail Line, as well as the Keio Sagamihara and Odakyu Tama Lines which link it to Shinjuku Station in central Tokyo. The station complex also includes shopping arcades and a bus terminal. Parthenon Avenue, the main thoroughfare of the Tama Center area famous for its winter illuminations, stretches southwards from the station. In the vicinity are retail, business and leisure complexes, hotels, Tama City Central Police Station, an indoor theme park (Sanrio Puroland or "Hello kitty land"), Warner Mycal Cinema cineplex, Tama Art University Gallery, Tama TV and Tama South District Hospital. Parthenon Tama, a huge culture center, is located at the end of Parthenon Avenue. The building, nicknamed so after Parthenon in Greece because of its hilltop location, houses a free museum about the history of Tama New Town. Behind Parthenon Tama lies Tama Central Park (Tama Chuo Koen) and a neighbouring Shinto shrine.

Tama New Town is served by more than ten railway stations, most of them on the Keio Sagamihara Line and Odakyu Tama Line, both of which provide a direct service to Shinjuku Station in central Tokyo. JR Nambu Line and Tama Toshi Monorail Line also serve the area.

Tama Television (TTV) is a cable TV and internet provider, servicing the Tama New Town area as well as other parts of Tama and Inagi municipalities, and has its own channel providing community news and the like. FM Tama G Wind (77.6 MHz/10W) is the radio station dedicated to the local area.

The 1994 Studio Ghibli film Pom Poko depicts the expansion of Tama New Town in the 1960s through the eyes of shapeshifting tanuki (raccoon dogs) and their attempts to stop it. The 1995 Ghibli film Whisper of the Heart is also set in Tama New Town. Many places near Seiseki Sakuragaoka Station appear in the film, although the area is depicted as more developed than it was when the film was made. The 2022 novella Escape from Yokai Land by Charles Stross is set in the Sanrio Puroland theme park in Tama New Town, where a supernatural manifestation of Hello Kitty is on the verge of becoming a full blown kaiju.