Тынық мұхитының дауылдары

Mature tropical cyclone that develops within the eastern and central Pacific Ocean
tropical cyclones that form in the Northern Hemisphere east of the International Date Line

A Pacific hurricane is a tropical cyclone that develops within the northeastern and central Pacific Ocean to the east of 180°W, north of the equator. For tropical cyclone warning purposes, the northern Pacific is divided into three regions: the eastern (North America to 140°W), central (140°W to 180°), and western (180° to 100°E), while the southern Pacific is divided into 2 sections, the Australian region (90°E to 160°E) and the southern Pacific basin between 160°E and 120°W. Identical phenomena in the western north Pacific are called typhoons. This separation between the two basins has a practical convenience, however, as tropical cyclones rarely form in the central north Pacific due to high vertical wind shear, and few cross the dateline.

Year TD (Tropical depressions) TS (Tropical storms) HU (Hurricanes) MH (Major hurricanes) Strongeststorm Deaths Damages(USD) Notes 1950 – 7 6 0 Hiki 1 Unknown Includes Hiki, the third wettest tropical cyclone in the United States. 1951 – 9 2 0 Two Eight 0 Unknown 1952 – 7 3 0 Five Seven 0 Unknown 1953 – 4 2 0 One 0 Unknown 1954 11 11 4 0 Seven 40 Unknown 1955 – 6 2 0 One 0 Unknown 1956 – 11 7 0 One 0 Unknown 1957 – 13 9 1 Twelve 21 $100,000 1958 14 14 5 0 Eleven 0 Unknown 1959 15 15 5 3 Patsy >1,800 $280 million Patsy was the first known category 5 hurricane in the Central Pacific basin. Includes the deadliest tropical cyclone in the Eastern Pacific, the 1959 Mexico hurricane.

Year TD (Tropical depressions) TS (Tropical storms) HU (Hurricanes) MH (Major hurricanes) Strongeststorm Deaths Damages(USD) Notes 1960 8 8 5 0 Estelle 0 Unknown 1961 11 10 2 0 Iva 436 $16 million 1962 18 12 2 0 Doreen Unknown $11 million 1963 8 8 4 0 Mona Unknown Unknown 1964 6 6 2 0 Odessa Unknown Unknown Least active season since 1953. 1965 11 10 1 0 Emily 6 $10 million 1966 18 13 8 0 Connie 9+ $5.6 million Includes the farthest traveled storm in the Eastern Pacific, Blanca. 1967 17 17 6 1 Olivia 121 Unknown 1968 26 20 6 0 Rebecca 9 Unknown Tied with 2009 for having the most storms named in the month of August. 1969 15 10 4 0 Doreen 10 Unknown Includes the latest first named storm at that time, Ava, which formed in July.

Year TD (Tropical depressions) TS (Tropical storms) HU (Hurricanes) MH (Major hurricanes) ACE Strongeststorm Deaths Damages(USD) Notes 1970 21 19 5 0 – Lorraine 22 Unknown 1971 22 18 12 6 139 Olivia 52 $40 million First year of reliable records in the eastern and central Pacific basins. 1972 20 14 9 4 136 Celeste 1 $75,000 1973 18 12 7 3 114 Ava 0 Unknown Featured the strongest hurricane in the basin at the time and the earliest category five in the Eastern Pacific on record. 1974 25 18 11 3 90 Maggie 18–33 $4 million Featured one of the most active periods of tropical cyclones on record with five existing simultaneously (Ione, Joyce, Kirsten, Lorraine, and Maggie). 1975 21 17 9 4 112 Denise 30 $20 million 1976 19 15 9 5 121 Annette 614–964 $360 million 1977 17 8 4 0 22 Florence 8 $39.6 million Least active season until 2010. Featured no major hurricanes, tied with 2003. 1978 25 19 14 7 207 Fico Hector Norman 4 $301 million First season to use masculine and feminine names. 1979 13 10 6 4 57 Ignacio Unknown Unknown Most recent year in which no tropical cyclones crossed into the Central Pacific basin. Total 201 150 86 36 1110 Ava 767–1,102 ≥$385.075 million

Year TD (Tropical depressions) TS (Tropical storms) HU (Hurricanes) MH (Major hurricanes) ACE Strongeststorm Deaths Damages(USD) Notes 1980 16 15 7 3 77 Kay 0 Unknown 1981 17 15 8 1 72 Norma 79 $134 million 1982 30 23 12 5 161 Olivia 1,937 $1.3 billion Fifth most active season on record. 1983 26 21 12 8 206 Kiko 168 $303.33 million Tied with 1984 for the fourth most active season at the time. 1984 26 21 13 7 193 Douglas 21 Unknown Tied with 1983 for the fourth most active season at the time. 1985 28 24 12 8 192 Rick 1 $1 million Third most active season on record. Tied with 2018 for having five named storms in the month of June. Tied with 2015 and 2016 for the most active month of July since reliable records began. 1986 26 17 9 3 107 Roslyn 2 $352 million 1987 20 20 10 4 132 Max 3 $144.22 million Last year in which the Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center was the primary warning center for tropical cyclones in the eastern Pacific Ocean. 1988 23 15 7 3 127 Hector 24 Unknown Hurricane Joan crossed over Central America and was named Miriam in the Eastern Pacific basin. 1989 25 18 9 4 110 Raymond 14 $1.75 million Total 237 189 99 46 1377 Max 2,250 ≥$2.240 billion

Year TD (Tropical depressions) TS (Tropical storms) HU (Hurricanes) MH (Major hurricanes) ACE Strongeststorm Deaths Damages(USD) Notes 1990 27 21 16 6 245 Trudy 19 $12.5 million Fifth most active season on record and third most active in terms of ACE. Tied with 1992, 2014, and 2015 for the most hurricanes in a single season. 1991 16 14 10 5 178 Kevin 11 Unknown 1992 30 27 16 10 295 Tina 25 $3.15 billion Second most active Pacific hurricane season on record in terms of ACE. Tied with 1990, 2014, and 2015 for the most hurricanes in a single season. Includes the strongest hurricane on record to strike Hawaii, Iniki. Hurricane Ekeka is the most intense off season hurricane in the Pacific basin. 1993 18 15 11 9 201 Lidia 50 $40 million 1994 23 20 10 5 185 Gilma 26 $735 million Tied with 2002 and 2018 for having the most category 5 hurricanes in a single season. Includes the tropical cyclone that travelled the farthest distance on record, Hurricane John. It was also the longest lasting tropical cyclone ever observed until surpassed by Cyclone Freddy in 2023. 1995 11 10 7 3 100 Juliette 124 $31 million Least active season since 1979. 1996 14 9 5 2 53 Douglas 48 $813,000 Tied with 2021 for the most hurricanes to strike Mexico in a single season. Hurricane Cesar crossed over from Central America and was renamed Douglas in the Pacific basin. 1997 24 19 9 7 167 Linda 261–531 $551 million Hurricane Linda was the most intense hurricane in the Pacific basin until Patricia in 2015. 1998 16 13 9 6 134 Howard 54 $760 million 1999 14 9 6 2 90 Dora 16 None Total 193 157 99 55 1,648 Linda 581–853 ≥$4.9 billion

Year TD (Tropical depressions) TS (Tropical storms) HU (Hurricanes) MH (Major hurricanes) ACE Strongeststorm Deaths Damages(USD) Notes 2000 21 19 6 2 95 Carlotta 27 2001 19 15 8 2 90 Juliette 13 2002 19 15 8 6 124 Kenna 7 Tied with 1994 and 2018 for having the most category 5 hurricanes in a single season. Includes the fourth most intense hurricane in the Pacific basin, Kenna. 2003 17 16 7 0 56 Nora 23 Featured no major hurricanes, tied with 1977. 2004 18 12 6 3 71 Javier None None 2005 17 15 7 2 96 Kenneth 6 2006 25 19 11 6 155 Ioke 14 Most active since 2000. Includes the most intense hurricane in the Central Pacific basin, Ioke. 2007 15 11 4 1 52 Flossie 42 2008 19 17 7 2 83 Norbert 45 2009 23 20 8 5 127 Rick 16 Most active since 1994. Tied with 1968 for having the most storms named in the month of August. Includes the third most intense hurricane in the Pacific basin, Rick. Total Rick ≥

Year TD (Tropical depressions) TS (Tropical storms) HU (Hurricanes) MH (Major hurricanes) ACE Strongeststorm Deaths Damages(USD) Notes 2010 13 8 3 2 52 Celia 268 $1.62 billion Least active Pacific hurricane season on record, tied with 1977. Includes a Category 5 hurricane in the basin, Celia. Includes a rare off season in the month of December, Omeka. 2011 13 11 10 6 121 Dora 43 >$203.67 million 2012 17 17 10 5 98 Emilia 8 $27.9 million 2013 21 20 9 1 76 Raymond 194 $4.56 billion 2014 23 22 16 9 199 Marie 49 >$1.52 billion Fourth most active season on record. Tied with 1990, 1992, and 2015 for the most hurricanes in a single season. 2015 31 26 16 11 287 Patricia 45 $566 million Second most active season on record. Includes the most intense hurricane in the Pacific basin, Patricia. Tied with 1990, 1992, and 2014 for the most hurricanes in a single season. Tied with 1985 and 2016 for the most active month of July since reliable records began. Latest ending to a season on record. 2016 23 22 13 6 183 Seymour 11 $95.8 million Earliest start on record in the Pacific basin. Fourth most active season on record. Tied with 1985 and 2015 for the most active month of July since reliable records began. Agatha was the latest forming first named storm on record in the Eastern Pacific since reliable records began. 2017 20 18 9 4 100 Fernanda 45 $375.28 million 2018 26 23 13 10 318 Walaka 56 >$1.46 billion Fourth most active season on record. Most active Pacific hurricane season on record in terms of ACE. Tied with 1985 for the most named storms on record in the month of June (5). Tied with 1994 and 2002 for having the most Category 5 hurricanes in a single season. 2019 21 19 7 4 97 Barbara 7 $16.1 million Third latest first named storm since reliable records began in 1971. No hurricanes formed in August for the first time since 1973. Total Patricia ≥

Year TD (Tropical depressions) TS (Tropical storms) HU (Hurricanes) MH (Major hurricanes) ACE Strongeststorm Deaths Damages(USD) Notes 2020 21 17 4 3 77.3 Marie 47 >$276.91 million Least active season since 2011. First season in which no tropical cyclones formed in the Central Pacific basin. Featured one unnamed tropical storm which was operationally classified as a tropical depression. 2021 19 19 8 2 94 Felicia 13 >$255 million Earliest start to a season east of 140°E on record, second earliest fifth named storm on record. Second consecutive in which no tropical cyclones formed in the Central Pacific basin. Five systems made landfall in Mexico. 2022 19 19 10 4 116.5 Darby 33 >$123.3 million Featured two tropical cyclones that crossed over from the Atlantic (Bonnie and Julia). Third consecutive in which no tropical cyclones formed in the Central Pacific basin. Second season in a row to have at least five systems make landfall. 2023 20 17 10 8 163.2 Otis >61 >$16.689 billion Costliest Pacific hurricane season on record. Adrian was the second latest forming first named storm on record in the Eastern Pacific since reliable records began. Featured Hilary, the first tropical storm to enter California since Nora in 1997. Featured Hurricanes Jova and Otis, two of the fastest intensifying Pacific hurricanes on record. Otis was also the first Pacific hurricane to make landfall at Category 5 intensity. Tied with 1992 for the most named storms in October. 2024 0 0 0 0 0 None None Total Otis ≥

Documentation of Pacific hurricanes dates to the Spanish colonization of Mexico, when the military and missions wrote about "tempestades". In 1730, such accounts indicated an understanding of the storms. After observing the rotating nature of tropical cyclones, meteorologist William Charles Redfield expanded his study to include storms in the eastern North Pacific Ocean in the middle of the 19th century. Between June and October 1850, Redfield observed five tropical cyclones along "the southwestern coast of North America", along with one in each of the three subsequent years. In 1895, Cleveland Abbe reported the presence of many storms between 5° and 15°–N in the eastern Pacific, although many such storms dissipated before affecting the Mexican coast. Two years later, the German Hydrography Office Deutsche Seewarte documented 45 storms from 1832 to 1892 off the west coast of Mexico. After California became a state and the discovery of gold there in 1848, shipping traffic began increasing steadily in the eastern Pacific. Such activity increased further after the Panama Canal opened in 1914, and the shipping lanes moved closer to the coast. By around 1920, Pacific hurricanes were officially recognized due to widespread ship observations, radio service, and a newly created weather network in western Mexico. Within 60 years, further studies of the region's tropical activity indicated that the eastern Pacific is in fact the second most active basin in the world.

The Eastern Pacific hurricane best track database was initially compiled on magnetic tape in 1976 for the seasons between 1949 and 1975, at the NHC to help with the development of two tropical cyclone forecast models, which required tracks of past cyclones as a base for its predictions. The database was based on records held by the United States Navy and were interpolated from 12 hourly intervals to 6 hourly intervals based on a scheme devised by Hiroshi Akima in 1970. Initially tracks for the Central Pacific region and tracks for tropical depressions that did not develop into tropical storms or hurricanes were not included within the database. Between 1976 and 1987, the NHC archived best track data from the Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center (EPHC), and in 1982 started including information on Central Pacific tropical storms and hurricanes started to be included in the database based on data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center and research done by Samuel Shaw of the Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) in 1981. During 2008 and 2013 several revisions were made to the database to extend tracks in land, based on reports in the Mariners Weather Log and extrapolation of the tracks since the EPHC stopped issuing advisories on systems before they made landfall. The archives format was significantly changed during 2013 to include non synoptic best track times, non developing tropical depressions and wind radii. During February 2016, the NHC released the 1959 Mexico hurricane's reanalysis, which was the first system to be reassessed, using methods developed for the Atlantic reanalysis process.

The presence of a semi permanent high pressure area known as the North Pacific High in the eastern Pacific is a dominant factor against the formation of tropical cyclones in the winter, as the Pacific High results in wind shear that causes unfavorable, environmental conditions for tropical cyclone formation. Its effects in the central Pacific basin are usually related to keeping cyclones away from the Hawaiian Islands. Due to westward trade winds, hurricanes in the Pacific rarely head eastward, unless recurved by a trough. A second factor preventing tropical cyclones from forming during the winter is the occupation of a semi permanent low pressure area designated the Aleutian Low between January and April. Its presence over western Canada and the northwestern United States contributes to the area's occurrences of precipitation in that duration. In addition, its effects in the central Pacific near 160° W causes tropical waves that form in the area to drift northward into the Gulf of Alaska and dissipate. The retreat of this low allows the Pacific High to also retreat into the central Pacific, leaving a warm and moist environment in its wake. The Intertropical Convergence Zone comes northward into the East Pacific in mid May permitting the formation of the earliest tropical waves, coinciding with the start of the eastern Pacific hurricane season on May 15. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation also influences the frequency and intensity of hurricanes in the Northeast Pacific basin. During El Niño events, sea surface temperatures increase in the Northeast Pacific and vertical wind shear decreases. Because of this, an increase in tropical cyclone activity occurs; the opposite happens in the Atlantic basin during El Niño, where increased wind shear creates an unfavorable environment for tropical cyclone formation. Contrary to El Niño, La Niña events increase wind shear and decreases sea surface temperatures over the eastern Pacific, while reducing wind shear and increasing sea surface temperatures over the Atlantic. These dates encompass the vast majority of tropical cyclone activity in this region. The Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for this basin is the United States' National Hurricane Center. Previous forecasters are the Eastern Pacific Hurricane Center and the Joint Hurricane Warning Center. The RSMC monitors the eastern Pacific and issues reports, watches and warnings about tropical weather systems and cyclones as defined by the World Meteorological Organization. This area is, on average, the second most active basin in the world. There are an average of 16 tropical storms annually, with 9 becoming hurricanes, and 4 becoming major hurricanes. Tropical cyclones in this region frequently affect mainland Mexico and the Revillagigedo Islands. Less often, a system will affect the Continental United States or Central America. Northbound hurricanes typically reduce to tropical storms or dissipate before reaching the United States: there is only one recorded case of a Pacific system reaching California as a hurricane in almost 200 years of observations—the 1858 San Diego Hurricane. Most east Pacific hurricanes originate from a tropical wave that drifts westward across the intertropical convergence zone, and across northern parts of South America. Once it reaches the Pacific, a surface low begins to develop, however, with only little or no convection. After reaching the Pacific, it starts to move north westward and eventually west. By that time, it develops convection and thunderstorm activity from the warm ocean temperatures but remains disorganized. Once the tropical wave becomes organized, it becomes a tropical depression. Formation usually occurs from south of the Gulf of Tehuantepec to south of Baja California with a more westerly location earlier in the season. In the eastern Pacific, development is more centered than anywhere else. If wind shear is low, a tropical cyclone can undergo rapid intensification as a result of very warm oceans, becoming a major hurricane. Tropical cyclones weaken once they reach unfavorable areas for a tropical cyclone formation. Their remnants sometimes reach Hawaii and cause showers there. There are a few types of Pacific hurricane tracks: one is a westerly track, another moves north westward along Baja California and another moves north. Sometimes storms can move north east either across Central America or mainland Mexico and possibly enter the Caribbean Sea becoming a North Atlantic hurricane, but these are rare.

Hurricane season runs from June 1 to November 30, with a strong peak in August and September. However, tropical cyclones have formed outside those dates. Hurricane John (1994) was the farthest travelling tropical cyclone worldwide, traversing 7,165 mi (13,280 km) in 30 days and 18 hours. The 1959 Mexico hurricane was the deadliest Pacific hurricane, causing 1,800 fatalities mostly in Colima and Jalisco.