Қозғалысты қадағалау жүйелері мен технологиялары

A tracking system, also known as a locating system, is used for the observing of persons or objects on the move and supplying a timely ordered sequence of location data for further processing.

A myriad of tracking systems exist. Some are 'lag time' indicators, that is, the data is collected after an item has passed a point for example, a bar code or choke point or gate. Others are 'real time' or 'near real time' like Global Positioning Systems (GPS) depending on how often the data is refreshed. There are bar code systems which require items to be scanned and other which have automatic identification (RFID auto id). For the most part, the tracking worlds are composed of discrete hardware and software systems for different applications. That is, bar code systems are separate from Electronic Product Code (EPC) systems and GPS systems are separate from active real time locating systems or RTLS. For example, a passive RFID system would be used in a warehouse to scan the boxes as they are loaded on a truck then the truck itself is tracked on a different system using GPS with its own features and software. The major technology “silos” in the supply chain are:

Indoors assets are tracked repetitively reading e. g. a barcode, any passive and active RFID, then, feeding read data into Work in Progress models (WIP) or Warehouse Management Systems (WMS) or ERP software. The readers required per choke point are meshed auto ID or hand held ID applications. However, tracking could also be capable of providing data monitoring without being bound to a fixed location by using a cooperative tracking capability such as an RTLS.

Person tracking relies on unique identifiers that are temporarily (RFID tags) or permanently assigned to persons like personal identifiers (including biometric identifiers), or national identification numbers and a way to sample their positions, either on short temporal scales as through GPS or for public administration to keep track of a state's citizens or temporary residents. The purposes for doing so are numerous, for example from welfare and public security to mass surveillance.

Regardless of the tracking technology, for the most part, the end users just want to locate themselves or wish to find points of interest. The reality is that there is no "one size fits all" solution with locating technology for all conditions and applications. Application of tracking is a substantial basis for vehicle tracking in fleet management, asset management, individual navigation, social networking, or mobile resource management and more. Company, group or individual interests can benefit from more than one of the offered technologies depending on the context.

GPS has global coverage but can be hindered by line of sight issues caused by buildings and urban canyons. RFID is excellent and reliable indoors or in situations where close proximity to tag readers is feasible, but has limited range and still requires costly readers. RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification. This technology uses electromagnetic waves to receive the signal from the targeting object to then save the location on a reader that can be looked at through specialized software.

RTLS are enabled by Wireless LAN systems (according to IEEE 802.11) or other wireless systems (according to IEEE 802.15) with multilateration. Such equipment is suitable for certain confined areas, such as campuses and office buildings. RTLS requires system level deployments and server functions to be effective.

In virtual space technology, a tracking system is generally a system capable of rendering virtual space to a human observer while tracking the observer's coordinates. For instance, in dynamic virtual auditory space simulations, a head tracker provides information to a central processor in real time and this enables the processor to select what functions are necessary to give feedback to the user in relation to where they are positioned.