1990 жылғы Тынық мұхиты тайфуны Майк

Pacific typhoon in 1990

Typhoon Mike, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Ruping, of 1990 was the strongest typhoon to hit the Philippines since Typhoon Irma in 1981 and Typhoon Nina in 1987. Forming from an area of persistent convection over the Caroline Islands, Mike was first designated on November 6, 1990 and moved generally westward. Later that day, the depression strengthened to Tropical Storm Mike near Yap. Mike became a typhoon early on November 9, and subsequently entered a period of rapid deepening. Late on November 10, the typhoon reached its maximum intensity of , as estimated by the Japanese Meteorological Agency. After weakening slightly, Mike made landfall in the central Philippines. The storm weakened considerably due to land interaction, only to briefly re intensify on November 14. Typhoon Mike turned west northwest and later north northwest, avoiding land interaction with Vietnam. Vertical wind shear increased, and on November 15, Mike weakened below typhoon intensity. Early the next day, the storm passed over western Hainan Island, and degraded to a tropical depression that night. After briefly emerging into the Gulf of Tonkin, Mike passed over Northern Vietnam and southern China, where it dissipated on November 18. During its formative stages, Mike passed just north of Palau. There, one person was hurt and around 90% of the banana and coconut crops were leveled. A total of 1,035 houses and 10 businesses were damaged. Damage on the island totaled $2 million, including $1.3 million in property damage. After striking the Philippines, the typhoon brought widespread damage and was considered the worst typhoon to hit the country since Typhoon Ike in 1984. In Cebu City, 88 ships sunk, the most ships ever sunk at the Cebu City harbor during a tropical cyclone. Power and phone lines were downed and the city lost access to drinking water for two days. Approximately 60% of all buildings were demolished and 28 people perished in the city. Nationwide, 748 people were killed while 1,274 others suffered injuries. A total of 1,900,000 t (2,094,390 short tons) of sugar crops were destroyed. A total of 630,885 homes were damaged and 222,026 houses were demolished, resulting in 1,110,020 people displaced. Offshore, 159 vessels sunk and 28 others were washed aground and damaged. Monetary damage was estimated at $446 million (₱10.8 billion), including $46.1 million (₱1.12 billion) from crops, $350 million (₱8.52 billion) from public infrastructure, and $49.9 million (₱1.21 billion) from private infrastructure. At the time, Mike was the costliest tropical cyclone listed in the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council's database, and as of 2014, is the seventh costliest typhoon to strike the country since independence in 1947. Elsewhere, 68 people were killed in Vietnam, but no damage was reported in China.

Typhoon Mike originated from a persistent area of convection that was first monitored by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) early on November 6. At midday, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) followed suit. At 15:03 UTC on November 6, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert, after a rapid improvement in the system's convective structure and Dvorak estimates of T1.0/. Following an increase in the storm's convection and an expansion of its outflow, the JTWC upgraded the system into a tropical depression at 12:00 UTC on November 7. At 00:00 UTC on November 8, the JTWC upgraded the depression into Tropical Storm Mike. After becoming a tropical storm, Mike tracked west northwest under the influence of a subtropical ridge. The JTWC initially forecast Mike to track northwest over the Philippine Sea. After turning west northwest in the general direction of the central Philippines, Mike leveled off in intensity. Land interaction took toll on the typhoon on November 12 as cloud top temperatures surrounding the eye warmed and the eye became increasingly cloud filled, coinciding with a weakening trend. Later that day, the typhoon made landfall with the JTWC and JMA reporting winds of respectively. both the JTWC and the JMA ended tracking the system on November 18. Schools were called off in northern Mindanao and domestic shipping services were temporarily cancelled. Across the state of Kayangel, situated just to the north of the island of Babelthuap, most trees were uprooted and a majority of residents lost everything. A total of 1,035 homes Damage on Palau totaled $2 million, $1.3 million of which was property damage.

Typhoon Mike was the strongest typhoon to strike the Philippines since Typhoon Irma in November 1981. Mike was also the most severe typhoon to hit the Philippines since Typhoon Ike during September 1984, which killed over 1,000 people. The typhoon destroyed a television broadcast tower, radio towers, electric cables and bridges, which resulted in widespread power outages and several radio stations briefly went off air. Hundreds of villages were also rendered impassable. after it sank from strong waves in the southern quadrant of the typhoon. Two sailors were also rescued. at least 12 were passenger ships and at least 3 were navy ships. Rainfall peaked at at the port of Cebu City; this was the fourth highest total ever observed by a tropical cyclone in Cebu City. Furthermore, a storm surge of was reported. Power and phone lines were downed and the city lost access to drinking water for two days. and 28 people perished. Elsewhere across the Philippines, six individuals perished due to drownings in the Leyte province. In the Negros Occidental province, five casualties occurred, and left thousands homeless. including a 10 year old boy that was hit by a tree. and sixty eight other workers were evacuated. Three bridges were crushed in Misamis Oriental, on Mindanao. Three people died due to rough seas offshore Misamis Oriental. In the nearby Surigao del Norte province, 32 people drowned. Offshore Mindoro Island, six ships were run aground. Overall, 748 people were reported killed, in schools. Thousands of hectares of agricultural crops, including of sugar crops, were destroyed. One hundred fifty nine vessels sunk Two thirds of all damages occurred in Negros Occidental and Iloilo provinces. At the time, Mike was the costliest tropical cyclone listed in the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council's database. However, this mark was eclipsed by Typhoon Fengshen in June 2008. As of 2014, Mike is the seventh most damaging Philippine typhoon since independence in 1947.

Although Typhoon Mike recurved north before striking Vietnam, the storm was responsible for the lives of 68 individuals in the Central Vietnamese province of Nghệ Tĩnh. Many fishing boats also sunk. Mike was rapidly deteriorating by the time it moved onshore China and as a result, no damage was reported. After Mike traversed the Philippines, President Corazon Aquino declared a state of calamity in 29 provinces and 24 cities Thirty nine provinces in the Philippines were declared a disaster area, Former Philippine First Lady Imelda Marcos offered $3.6 million for victims of the typhoon. However, she only ended up writing a check of $125,000 and even that check bounced. A total of $9.3 million was released by Aquino from a calamity fund to rehabilitate devastated areas. Around 86,840 families received food from the government, valued at $106,983. The health department sent of medicine to Iloilo City for distribution to provincial health offices in affected provinces. The defense secretary ordered 150 tents to be airlifted to five affected cities. A total of of relief supplies were provided by the local government. Philippine navy vessels were utilized to transport rice from nearby island provinces. As a result of the typhoon, authorities projected annual economic growth in the Philippines would be less than 2% – down from 2.3% earlier in the year. The typhoon also prompted PAGASA to expand its warning system. Typhoon Mike's damage to the infrastructure of Cebu forced local authorities to rethink governmental priorities, However, the city quickly recovered, and by the end of the decade, it was experiencing rapid economic growth, dubbed CEBOOM. The United States provided $25,000 to Philippine Red Cross for immediate disaster relief needs. The United States Agency for International Development distributed of food in Leyte and eastern Samar, and by November 28, the country was granted $432,000 worth of supplies and cash. The United Kingdom provided $38,000 in medicine. Belgium provided $90,252 in relief assistance. Sweden granted nearly $18,000 worth of relief items. Denmark awarded $25,950 in cash. Germany added $132,450 in tents and medicine. Japan also contributed $400,000. Catholic Relief Services provided $25,000 in relief. Caritas Internationalis donated nearly $250,000 in cash. Save The Children contributed $10,000. World Vision donated $25,000. Within the United Nations, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs and United Nations Development Programme offered $25,000 and $50,000 in emergency grants respectively. The United Nations Children's Fund donated $28,710 worth of medical supplies. PAGASA also retired the name Ruping, which was replaced with Ritang, which was first used in the 1994 season.