2005 жылғы Тынық мұхитындағы "Лунван" тайфуны

Pacific typhoon in 2005

Typhoon Longwang, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Maring, was the deadliest tropical cyclone to impact China during the 2005 Pacific typhoon season. Longwang was first identified as a tropical depression on September 25 north of the Mariana Islands. Moving along a general westward track, the system quickly intensified and reached typhoon status on September 27. After reaching Category 4 equivalent intensity on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale, adverse atmospheric conditions along with internal structural changes resulted in temporary weakening. The structural change culminated in Longwang becoming an annular typhoon and prompted re intensification. The storm attained peak strength with winds of and a pressure of 930 mbar (hPa; ) on October 1 as it approached Taiwan. Interaction with the mountainous terrain of the island and further structural changes caused some weakening before the typhoon made landfall near Hualien City early on October 2. Crossing the island in six hours, Longwang emerged over the Taiwan Strait before moving onshore again later that day, this time in Fujian Province, China as a minimal typhoon. Once over mainland China, the storm quickly weakened and ultimately dissipated late on October 3. Prior to the storm's arrival, officials in Taiwan activated all emergency operations centers and urged residents to take serious precautions. The storm brought record breaking winds, peaking at in Hualien City, and torrential rains. Despite the intensity of the storm, damage was relatively limited there. Two people died, 73 were injured, and damage reached NT$570 million (US$17.7 million). Large scale evacuations took place in mainland China, with 684,860 people relocating. Losses were extensive in Fujian Province where 1 in 100 year rains caused disastrous flooding in Fuzhou, killing 62 people. In Minhou County, 85 paramilitary police perished when a landslide destroyed their barracks. Throughout China, 147 people were killed and damage amounted to 7.81 billion RMB (US$944.6 million). Due to the severe damage, the name Longwang was later retired and replaced by Haikui.

On September 24, 2005, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began monitoring a tropical disturbance north of the Mariana Islands. Convective banding features soon consolidated around a low pressure area associated with the system, prompting the issuance of a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert the following day. Later on September 25, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) declared the system a tropical depression. Situated in a region characterized by low wind shear and favorable upper level divergence, steady intensification ensued. Hours later, both agencies assessed sustained winds to have reached , indicating tropical storm intensity. As such, the JMA named the storm Longwang. At the time of peak intensity, an unmanned weather reconnaissance vehicle, known as Aerosonde, was flown into the typhoon and recorded peak winds of at an altitude of As the storm approached Taiwan late on October 1, an eyewall replacement cycle began, with a large secondary eyewall forming around the inner one. At 1848 UTC, Doppler weather radar velocity estimates indicated winds of at an altitude of An interpolated surface pressure of was obtained based on the Aerosonde's data. After flying in the storm for ten hours, the unmanned vehicle encountered severe turbulence and crashed about east of Taitung City. Interaction with the mountainous terrain of Taiwan caused Longwang to weaken somewhat. Just six hours after moving inland, Longwang emerged over the Taiwan Strait with its circulation mostly intact; however, weakening continued as it approached eastern China. Remaining over water for less than 12 hours, the typhoon made its second and ultimate landfall in Fujian Province around 1800 UTC on October 2 (0200 October 3 local time). On September 30, the CWB issued a sea warning for areas surrounding Taiwan. Shortly after, the island's Central Emergency Operations Center was activated. Early on October 1, the whole of Taiwan was placed under a storm warning, prompting the Emergency Center to go to its maximum alert level. Daily meetings held by the Emergency Center provided officials with information on the storm and its expected impacts. Details from the meetings prompted the activation of all emergency operation centers in Taiwan. Nine counties were placed under debris flow advisories by the end of October 1. On October 2, then President Chen Shui bian urged all residents to take serious precautions. 2,280 mountain climbers were advised to leave, the majority of whom complied. The Taiwan Railway Administration suspended operations on four rail lines. Rapid transit lines in Taipei maintained operations, though ran on slower schedules. For southern Taiwan, the main risk was fresh water flooding. Fifteen rivers were placed under high alert while 340 more were under moderate alert. By the time Longwang made landfall, 37 shelters opened across the island, All airports were closed on October 2 and sea travel was suspended. With international airports shut down, President Chen, who was returning from a visit to the United Arab Emirates, was forced to land in Indonesia. The landing in Indonesia was seen as a political breakthrough for Taiwan as Indonesia does not recognize them as a separate nation from China. By October 1, officials in Mainland China issued warnings for Fujian Province and urged residents to evacuate. The majority of evacuees were from the cities of Ningde, Fuzhou, Putian, Quanzhou, Xiamen, and Zhangzhou, with 376,000 evacuating from Xiamen alone. Along the coast, roughly 38,000 seagoing vessels returned to port. Thousands of officials in the province oversaw flood preparations. Public transportation across Fujian Province was temporarily suspended as well. The airport in Xiamen shut down late on October 2 as rain bands from the storm began impacting the area. Throughout Fujian, more than 120 flights were canceled.

+ Impact by Region Region Fatalities Injuries LossesChina147>39US$944.6 millionJapan04US$8.7 millionPhilippines00NoneTaiwan373>US$17.2 millionTotals149>116~US$970.5 million
On October 1, Typhoon Longwang brushed the southern Ryukyu Islands of Japan. Wind gusts in excess of battered the islands of Ishigaki, Iriomote, and Yonaguni; a peak gust of was measured on Ishigaki. Farther south, the Batanes Islands of the Philippines experienced winds of in relation to the typhoon. Due to the substantial loss of life and damage, the name Longwang was retired and replaced with Haikui in 2006. The name was first used in the 2012 Pacific typhoon season.

Striking Taiwan as a powerful storm early on October 2, Longwang brought destructive winds to many areas along the island's east coast. Hualien City experienced the brunt of the impact with sustained winds reaching and gusts up to These gusts were the highest ever recorded in the city, surpassing the previous record set during Typhoon Louise in 1959. On the west coast of Taiwan, gusts reached in Wugi. Torrential rains impacted many areas, with a peak 24 hour accumulations in Hualien County reaching A one day total of was also measured in Yilan County. 33 others were injured in the county. At least one home collapsed and six others were damaged in the county. High waves broke a stretch of a levee near ChiAnn, a coastal community in Hualien, and flooded nearby homes. Part of the entrance to the Hualien Martyrs Shrine collapsed amid strong winds. Billboards and trees fell across Hualien City, littering the streets with debris. In Chiayi City, a bus and truck collided, injuring 16 and on Provincial Highway 16, 11 people were injured when their coach bus crashed into a telephone pole. It is unknown how much, if any, of a role the typhoon was in these accidents. In Kaohsiung, a concrete slab was torn off a building and wedged into a high rise apartment. One woman died after being swept away by flash flooding in the central town of Hoping. Overall, 3 people died, and 73 more were injured across Taiwan. Infrastructural damage was less than feared with losses amounting to NT$70 million (US$2.2 million). Then Premier Frank Hsieh stated that the relative lack of damage "was some good fortune in the midst of this misfortune." Substantial agricultural took place, with rice, bananas, Chufeng grapes, and leafy vegetables being the hardest hit. Losses in the sector exceeded NT$500 million (US$15 million).

Typhoon Longwang, weakened from its passage of Taiwan, struck mainland China late on October 2 as a low end typhoon. Off the coast of Lianjiang County, gusts reached on Xiayu Island. Gusts onshore peaked at in Changle within Fuzhou City. Though the storm brought typhoon force winds, they were mostly confined to coastal areas and its greatest impacts resulted from torrential rains. Much of Fuzhou City experienced over of rain, with a maxima of in Changle. Of that total, fell in a 12‑hour span. Furthermore, one hour accumulations peaked at Zhejiang and Jiangxi Provinces also experienced heavy rains; fell in Taizhou, Zhejiang while was recorded in Nanfeng County, Jiangxi. Some areas were submerged by flood waters deep and many landslides caused significant damage. In Minhou County, Fuzhou, a landslide destroyed a barracks of the Chinese paramilitary police where 142 officers were staying.) and 85 bodies were recovered. Typhoon Longwang was the deadliest storm to strike China in 2005 with 147 lives lost. On November 13, five officers stationed at the barracks that was destroyed were punished as accountable for the deaths of the 85 cadets. Following an investigation by the Central Military Commission and State Council, all five were dismissed from their posts while Hou Yongjun, the director of the brigade, was to be prosecuted.