1979 жылғы Тынық мұхитындағы тайфун Tip

Pacific typhoon in 1979

Typhoon Tip, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Warling, was the largest and most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded. The forty third tropical depression, nineteenth tropical storm, twelfth typhoon, and third super typhoon of the 1979 Pacific typhoon season, Tip developed out of a disturbance within the monsoon trough on October 4 near Pohnpei in Micronesia. Initially, Tropical Storm Roger to the northwest hindered the development and motion of Tip, though after the storm tracked farther north, Tip was able to intensify. After passing Guam, Tip rapidly intensified and reached peak sustained winds of and a worldwide record low sea level pressure of on October 12. At its peak intensity, Tip was the largest tropical cyclone on record, with a wind diameter of Tip slowly weakened as it continued west northwestward and later turned to the northeast, in response to an approaching trough. The typhoon made landfall in southern Japan on October 19, and became an extratropical cyclone shortly thereafter. Tip's extratropical remnants continued moving east northeastward, until they dissipated near the Aleutian Islands on October 24. U. S. Air Force aircraft flew 60 weather reconnaissance missions into the typhoon, making Tip one of the most closely observed tropical cyclones. Rainfall from Tip indirectly led to a fire that killed 13 Marines and injured 68 at Combined Arms Training Center, Camp Fuji in the Shizuoka Prefecture of Japan. Elsewhere in the country, the typhoon caused widespread flooding and 42 deaths; offshore shipwrecks left 44 people killed or missing.

At the end of September 1979, three circulations developed within the monsoon trough that extended from the Philippines to the Marshall Islands. The westernmost disturbance developed into a tropical depression on October 1, to the west of Luzon, which would later become Typhoon Sarah on October 7. On October 3, the disturbance southwest of Guam developed into Tropical Storm Roger, and later on the same day, a third tropical disturbance that would later become Typhoon Tip formed south of Pohnpei. Strong flow from across the equator was drawn into Roger's wind circulation, initially preventing significant development of the precursor disturbance to Tip. Despite the unfavorable air pattern, the tropical disturbance gradually organized as it moved westward. Due to the large scale circulation pattern of Tropical Storm Roger, Tip's precursor moved erratically and slowly executed a cyclonic loop to the southeast of Chuuk. A reconnaissance aircraft flight into the system late on October 4 confirmed the existence of a closed low level circulation, and early on October 5, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued its first warning on Tropical Depression Twenty Three W. At the time of its peak strength, its eye was wide. After peaking in intensity, Tip weakened to and remained at that intensity for several days, as it continued west northwestward. For five days after its peak strength, the average radius of winds stronger than extended over On October 17, Tip began to weaken steadily and decrease in size, recurving northeastward under the influence of a mid level trough the next day. After passing about east of Okinawa, the typhoon accelerated to Tip made landfall on the Japanese island of Honshū with winds of about on October 19. It continued rapidly northeastward through the country and became an extratropical cyclone over northern Honshū a few hours after moving ashore. The outer rainbands of the large circulation of Tip produced moderate rainfall in the mountainous regions of the Philippine islands of Luzon and Visayas. Heavy rainfall from the typhoon breached a flood retaining wall at Camp Fuji, a training facility for the United States Marine Corps near Yokosuka. The resultant fire killed 13 Marines, injured 68, along with fifteen huts and several other structures. The barracks were rebuilt, Transportation in the country was disrupted; 200 trains and 160 domestic flights were canceled. In total, damages associated with Tip in Japan were estimated as billion (US$482.34 million). Tip was described as the most severe storm to strike Japan in 13 years.

Typhoon Tip was the largest tropical cyclone on record, with a diameter of —almost double the previous record of 700 mile (1127 km) in diameter set by Typhoon Marge in August 1951. At its largest, Tip was nearly half the size of the contiguous United States. The temperature inside the eye of Typhoon Tip at peak intensity was and described as exceptionally high. The records set by Tip still technically stand, though with the end of routine reconnaissance aircraft flights in the western Pacific Ocean in August 1987, modern researchers have questioned whether Tip indeed remains the strongest. After a detailed study, three researchers determined that two typhoons, Angela in 1995 and Gay in 1992, registered higher Dvorak numbers than Tip, and concluded that one or both of the two may have therefore been more intense. Other recent storms may have also been more intense than Tip at its peak; for instance, satellite derived intensity estimates for Typhoon Haiyan of 2013 indicated that its core pressure may have been as low as Due to the dearth of direct observations and Hurricane hunters into these cyclones, conclusive data is lacking. Despite the typhoon's intensity and damage, the name Tip was not retired and was reused in 1983, 1986, and 1989.