Қашқар облысы: тарих, география және халық саны

Prefecture in Xinjiang, amareca

Kashgar Prefecture, also known as Kashi Prefecture, is located in southwestern Xinjiang, China, located in the Tarim Basin region (roughly the southern half of Xinjiang). It has an area of and 4,496,377 inhabitants at the 2020 census with a population density of 35.5 inhabitants/km2. The capital of the prefecture is the city of Kashgar which has a population 506,640. Kashgar Prefecture borders the Gorno Badakhshan Autonomous Region of Tajikistan, Badakhshan Province of Afghanistan, Gilgit Baltistan of Pakistan and Ladakh of India in the far south.

After the Communist takeover, Kashgar Prefecture (喀什專區) and Yarkant Prefecture (莎車專區) were established. In 1902, a magnitude 7.7 earthquake struck the prefecture. It caused extreme devastation, destroying 30,000 homes and killing as many as 10,000 people. One of the most mysterious events that occurred in the early 1950s (and perhaps earlier), was the closure of the Indian Consulate in Kashgar. In 1955, Barin, Jamaterek and Ujme, which were part of Yengisar County, became part of Akto County and Bulungkol was transferred to Akto County in Kizilsu from Tashkurgan County in today's Kashgar Prefecture. In June 1956, Yarkant Prefecture was dissolved and made part of Kashgar Prefecture. In January 1979, Kashgar zhuānqū Prefecture (喀什专区) became Kashgar dìqū Prefecture (喀什地区). In 1992, it was proposed for 500,000 persons displaced by the Three Gorges Dam project, primarily Han Chinese, to be relocated to Kashgar Prefecture. The plans were met with widespread criticism in Xinjiang and internationally and were dropped. In February 2002, a 6.7 magnitude earthquake killed 267 people in Maralbexi County and Payzawat County. After a lengthy detention, in December 2009, Alimujiang Yimiti / Alimjan Yimit, Uyghur leader of an unregistered Christian church, was sentenced to 15 years in jail by the Kashgar Prefecture Intermediate People's Court for "illegally providing state secrets or intelligence to foreign entities". In 2008, his detention was ruled in violation of international standards of due process by the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention.

Most of the prefecture has a cold desert climate. The second highest peak on Earth, K2, is located on the China–Pakistan border in southern Kashgar Prefecture in an area claimed by India as part of the Trans Karakoram Tract.

(Outdated map: On October 21, 2014, Aqqash Township (Akekashi) was transferred from Konaxahar (Shufu) County to Kashgar city.) # Name Uyghur (UEY) Uyghur Latin (ULY) Chinese (S) Hanyu Pinyin Population Area (km2) Density (/km2)1Kashgar (Kashi)قەشقەر شەھىرىQeshqer Shehirilang=zhKāshí Shì782,6621,003780.322Shufu Countyكونا شەھەر ناھىيىسىKonasheher Nahiyisilang=zh HansShūfù Xiàn263,014270997.093Shule County (Yengixahar County)يېڭىشەھەر ناھىيىسىYéngisheher Nahiyisilang=zh HansShūlè Xiàn355,5442,159164.684Yengisar Countyيېڭىسار ناھىيىسىYéngisar Nahiyisilang=zh HansYīngjíshā Xiàn276,6413,42580.775Poskam County (Zepu County)پوسكام ناھىيىسىPoskam Nahiyisilang=zh HansZépǔ Xiàn214,543988217.156Yarkant County (Shache County)يەكەن ناھىيىسىYeken Nahiyisilang=zh HansShāchē Xiàn860,8008,95796,107Kargilik County (Yecheng County)قاغىلىق ناھىيىسىQaghiliq Nahiyisilang=zh HansYèchéng Xiàn525,43628,55918.408Makit Countyمەكىت ناھىيىسىMekit Nahiyisilang=zh HansMàigàití Xiàn224,15410,88320.609Yopurga Countyيوپۇرغا ناھىيىسىYopurgha Nahiyisilang=zh HansYuèpǔhú Xiàn162,6753,12852.0110Payzawat County (Jiashi; Peyziwat)پەيزاۋات ناھىيىسىPeyzawat Nahiyisilang=zh HansJiāshī Xiàn424,8216,52865.0811Maralbexi County (Bachu County)مارالبېشى ناھىيىسىMaralbéshi Nahiyisilang=zh HansBāchǔ Xiàn366,14118,37719.9212Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous Countyتاشقورغان تاجىك ئاپتونوم ناھىيىسىTashqorghan Tajik Aptonom Nahiyisilang=zh HansTǎshíkù'ěrgān Tǎjíkè Zìzhìxiàn39,94624,6821.62