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Species of snake

Rhabdophis subminiatus, commonly called the red necked keelback or red necked keelback snake, is a species of venomous snake in the subfamily Natricinae of the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Asia.

Rhabdophis subminiatus has a greenish hue with red and yellow regions near the head. It grows to in total length (including tail). Female is much larger than male, mating behavior multiple males may swarm a single female.

The red necked keelback generally lives near ponds, where it consumes frogs and fish.

When the snake bites, the salivary venom mixture is not injected, but it flows into the punctures produced by the upper jaw's rear teeth, which can penetrate the skin of humans. The venom from R. subminiatus has been responsible for internal hemorrhaging, including hemorrhaging of the brain, as well as nausea, coagulopathy, and even disseminated intravascular coagulation. Also, when the venom was tested on animals, kidney failure was reported. Caution should be taken when dealing with patients who have been bitten by the red necked keelback snake. No further injury such as injections should be used because this may cause excessive bleeding in the bite victim. Although most bites of humans from R. subminiatus are involved with the front teeth and do not cause adverse effects, rare bites from the rear fangs can be lethal. Studies in mice on the biological activity of the venom of the red necked keel back snake, Rhabdophis subminiatus, showed that the venom contained a potent Factor X activator and had intense defibrinogenating activity; the overall proteolytic activity of the venom was low, and this correlated well with its negligible fibrinogenolytic and fibrinolytic activities. Only one antivenom tested was shown to have weak neutralizing activity against the venom in mice. This species of snake has recently been added to the schedule of the Dangerous Wild Animals Act, 1976.

The specific name subminiatus refers to the typical reddish coloration ("miniatus" = "scarlet, vermilion"), which may be limited to the neck, or more extensive (e. g., photo at left). The subspecific name, helleri, is in honor of American zoologist Edmund Heller.