10 мың жылдық дәуір: Адамзат тарихының жаңа есебі

Calendar era that uses 10,000 BC as 1 HE

The Holocene calendar, also known as the Holocene Era or Human Era (HE), is a year numbering system that adds exactly 10,000 years to the currently dominant (AD/BC or CE/BCE) numbering scheme, placing its first year near the beginning of the Holocene geological epoch and the Neolithic Revolution, when humans shifted from a hunter gatherer lifestyle to agriculture and fixed settlements. The current year by the Gregorian calendar, AD , is  HE in the Holocene calendar. The HE scheme was first proposed by Cesare Emiliani in 1993 (11993 HE), Emiliani argued that replacing the contested date with the approximate beginning of the Holocene makes more sense. The birth date of Jesus is a less universally relevant epoch event than the approximate beginning of the Holocene. The years BC/BCE are counted down when moving from past to future, making calculation of time spans difficult. The Anno Domini era has no year "zero", with 1 BC followed immediately by AD 1, complicating the calculation of timespans further. Instead, HE uses the "beginning of human era" as its epoch, arbitrarily defined as 10,000 BC and denoted year 1 HE, so that AD 1 matches 10,001 HE. This is a rough approximation of the start of the current geologic epoch, the Holocene (the name means entirely recent). The motivation for this is that human civilization (e. g. the first settlements, agriculture, etc.) is believed to have arisen within this time. Emiliani later proposed that the start of the Holocene should be fixed at the same date as the beginning of his proposed era.

Human Era proponents claim that it makes for easier geological, archaeological, dendrochronological, anthropological and historical dating, as well as that it bases its epoch on an event more universally relevant than the birth of Jesus. All key dates in human history can then be listed using a simple increasing date scale with smaller dates always occurring before larger dates. Another gain is that the Holocene Era starts before the other calendar eras, so it could be useful for the comparison and conversion of dates from different calendars.

When Emiliani discussed the calendar in a follow up article in 1994, he mentioned that there was no agreement on the date of the start of the Holocene epoch, with estimates at the time ranging between 12,700 and 10,970 years BP.

In 1924 Gabriel Deville proposed the use of Calendrier nouveau de chronologie ancienne (CNCA), which would start 10,000 years before AD 1, which is identical to Emiliani's much later proposal. Since 1929, Dievturība adherents use Latviskā ēra (the Latvian Era) which begins at the same point; this coincides with the first inhabitants’ influx to the territory of present Latvia (10500–10047 BCE). According to the Latvian Era, 12025 is written for 2025 CE. Detailed explanation of Latvian Era by Ernests Brastiņš was first published in 1934. In 1963 E. R. Hope proposed the use of Anterior Epoch (AE), which also begins at the same point.

Conversion from Julian or Gregorian calendar years to the Human Era can be achieved by adding 10,000 to the AD/CE year. The present year, , can be transformed into a Holocene year by adding the digit "1" before it, making it  HE. Years BC/BCE are converted by subtracting the BC/BCE year number from 10,001. + Calendar epochs and milestones in the Holocene calendar Gregorian year ISO 8601 Holocene year Event 10002 BC 10001 1 HE 10001 BC 10000 0 HE 10000 BCEmiliani 3102 BC 3101 6899 HE Beginning of the Kali Yuga in Hindu cosmology 2250 BC 2249 7751 HE Beginning of the Meghalayan age, the current and latest of the three stages in the Holocene epoch. 45 BC 0044 9956 HE Introduction of the Julian calendar 1 BC 0000 10000 HE Year zero at ISO 8601 1 AD 0001 10001 HE Beginning of the Common Era and Anno Domini, from the estimate by Dionysius of the Incarnation of Jesus 622 0622 10622 HE Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina (Hijrah), starting the Islamic calendar at 1 AH 1582 1582 11582 HE Introduction of the Gregorian calendar and Minguo calendars 1950 1950 11950 HE Epoch of the Before Present dating scheme 1960 1960 11960 HE UTC Epoch 1970 1970 11970 HE Unix Epoch 1993 1993 11993 HE Publication of the Holocene calendar HE Current year 10000 +10000 20000 HE