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the district

In 120 AD, during the Kushana Age, King Kanishka conquered the Rohat and Jaitaran areas, parts of today's Pali district. Until the end of the seventh century, the Pushyabhuti king Harshavardhana ruled the area, along with other parts of what would be Rajasthan. From the 10th to the 15th century, the boundaries of Pali extended to Mewar, Gorwar, and Marwar. Nadol was the capital of the Chauhan clan. All Rajput rulers resisted foreign invaders, but individually fought each other for land and leadership. After the defeat of Prithviraj Chauhan by Muhammad Ghori, the Rajput power in the area was removed. The Godwad area became subject to the then ruler of Mewar, Maharana Kumbha; however, Pali, which was ruled by Rajputs with the patronage of neighbouring Rajput rulers, remained peaceful and progressive. There were a number of battles in the surrounding areas of Pali in the 16th and 17th centuries. Shershah Suri defeated Rajput rulers in the Battle of Sammel near Jaitaran, and the Mughal emperor, Akbar, constantly battled with Maharana Pratap in the Gorwar area. After the Mughals had conquered almost all of Rajputana, Veer Durgadas Rathore of Marwar made organised efforts to take back Marwar from Aurangzeb, the last Mughal emperor. By then, Pali had become subservient to the Rathores of Marwar, and was reclaimed by Maharaja Vijay Singh before becoming a commercial centre. During the British era in 1857, various Thakurs of Pali under the stewardship of the Thakur of Auwa fought against British rule. The British army surrounded Auwa Fort and the conflict lasted several days. Geologists trace the settlement at Pali back to prehistory and maintain that Pali emerged from the vast western sea, which was spread over a large part of present day Rajasthan. In the Vedic period, Maharshi Javali stayed in the area to meditate and interpret the Vedas. In the Mahabharata age, the Pandavas made this area (near Bali) their resting place during exile. As a part of ancient Arbuda Province, the area was known as Balla Desh.

The Aravalli Range forms the eastern boundary of the district, and the southern boundary ends at Bamnera village in Sumerpur Tehsil. There are foothills to the west, through which run some Luni River tributaries. The western portion of the district includes the alluvial plain of the Luni. The district is bounded by eight others: Nagaur District to the north, Ajmer District to the northeast, Rajsamand District to the east, Udaipur District to the southeast, Sirohi District to the southwest, Jalore District and Barmer District to the west, and Jodhpur District to the northwest. The major part of the district has ranges from 200 to 300 m above mean sea level in elevation, but in the east—toward the Aravalli Range—the elevation increases and the average is closer to 600 m, with some regions exceeding 1000 m.

The Pali Barr Conglomerate has been declared a National Geological Monument of India by the Geological Survey of India for their protection, maintenance, promotion and enhancement of geotourism.

The Pali Lok Sabha constituency has jurisdiction over two districts: Pali and Jodhpur. The current member of parliament is P P Choudhary, who represents the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

The district is represented in the State Legislature by six MLAs (Sojat, Jaitaran, Sumerpur, Bali, Pali and Marwar Junction) and one Member of Parliament.

Pali District has ten sub divisions: Sojat, Marwar Junction, Jaitaran, Raipur, Sumerpur, Bali, Pali, Rohat, Rani and Desuri.

The Pali district has ten panchayat samiti: five are reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Class, and the other five are general.

There are 10 Tehsils in the district: Sojat, Marwar Junction, Jaitaran, Raipur, Sumerpur, Bali, Pali, Rohat and Desuri. Rani has been declared to become the tenth Tehsil. Marwar Junction Tehsil has highest number of villages (142), Sumerpur Tehsil has lowest number of villages (42).

There are eight municipalities (Nagar Palika) in the district: Sojat, Jaitaran, Sumerpur, Sadri, Bali, Falna, Takhatgarh and Rani, Rajasthan; Pali is a Municipal Council (Nagar Parishad).

The only two modes of travel available in the district are roadways and railways. Almost all of the villages are connected by roads. There are two depots of government owned state transport: Pali and Falna. The only railway junction in the district is Marwar Junction, which is connected to Jodhpur, Ajmer, Ahmedabad, and Udaipur. Pali railway station is on the Jodhpur route while the second highest earning railway station in the Ajmer division, Falna is on the Ahmedabad route. The district received the railway in the early age of Indian Railways in 1881 when the Ahmedabad Ajmer line opened at Rajputana State Railway. Pali was connected to Marwar Junction on 24 June 1882 and to Luni on 17 June 1884. Jodhpur was connected to the district via Luni in 1885 by the Rajputana Malwa Railway network, and the first train traveled on this route on 9 March 1885. The line later became part of the Jodhpur Bikaner Railway. The Phulera Marwar Junction line was converted from Meter Gauge to Broad Gauge in 1995, while the Ahmedabad Ajmer line was converted in 1997. During 1997–98, the 72 km Jalore Falna route was also surveyed by Indian Railways.

According to the 2011 census Pali district has a population of 2,037,573, giving it a ranking of 255th out of 640. This gives it a ranking of 225th in India (out of a total of 640). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 11.99%.