Анна Элизабет Клумпке: Американ суретшісінің өмірі мен шығармашылығы

American painter

Anna Elizabeth Klumpke (October 28, 1856 – February 9, 1942) was an American portrait and genre painter born in San Francisco, California, United States. She is perhaps best known for her portraits of famous women including Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1889) and Rosa Bonheur (1898).

Klumpke's father, John Gerald Klumpke, born in England or Germany, was a successful and wealthy realtor in San Francisco. Her mother was Dorothea Mattilda Tolle. Anna was the eldest of eight children, five of whom lived to maturity. Among her siblings were the astronomer Dorothea Klumpke Roberts, the violinist Julia Klumpke, and the neurologist Augusta Déjerine Klumpke. At age three, she fell and suffered a fracture of her femur. She fell again at age five and suffered osteomyelitis with purulent knee arthritis. These problems left her with a disability, and her mother went to extraordinary lengths to find a remedy by taking Klumpke and three of her siblings to Berlin for treatment by Dr. Bernhard von Langenbeck. The treatment lasted 18 months and included thermal baths at Kreuznach. It was not successful, however, and Klumpke had difficulty walking for the rest of her life. While they were in Europe, her mother ensured that her children received excellent tutoring. The time away in Europe strained the Klumpkes' relationship. When Anna was fifteen, her parents divorced. She and her siblings (now numbering five) moved with their mother to Göttingen, Germany, where they lived for a time with Mattilda's sister, who had married a German national. Klumpke and her sister Augusta were sent to school at Cannstatt, near Stuttgart. When she was seventeen, the family moved to Clarens, near Lake Geneva in Switzerland where she spent two years in a boarding school. Klumpke studied art at home for the next few years, and in October 1877, moved with her family once more to Paris, where she was later enrolled in the Académie Julian (1883–1884), under the tutelage of Tony Robert Fleury and Jules Lefebvre. She spent many an hour copying paintings in the Musée du Luxembourg, including Rosa Bonheur's Ploughing in the Nivernais. She presented her first work at the Paris Salon in 1884, while still at the Academy, and she won the grand prize for outstanding student of the year. She exhibited regularly at the Salon for several more years. After completing her studies, she returned to the United States, where she taught in Boston for a few years. In 1889, she returned to Paris.

As a girl, Anna had been given a "Rosa" doll, styled after the French animal painter Rosa Bonheur. From early childhood, Klumpke was fascinated and inspired by Bonheur. In 1895, the two women met, Bonheur at age 73 and Klumpke at age 39. Klumpke was intent on painting Bonheur's portrait. By August 11, 1898, the two women were living together and had signed a contract, Bonheur created a new art studio for Klumpke and in exchange Klumpke would paint three portraits of Bonheur and write her biography. Klumpke exhibited her work at the Palace of Fine Arts and The Woman's Building at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois. Following Bonheur's death, Klumpke divided her time between France, Boston, and San Francisco, finally settling in San Francisco in the 1930s. During World War I, with her mother, she established a military convalescent hospital at her home in Thomery. In 1940, at the age of 84, Klumpke published her own autobiography Memoirs of an Artist. She died on February 9, 1942, at the age of 86 years in her native San Francisco. Klumpke was included in the 2018 exhibit Women in Paris 1850–1900.

Anna Klumpke was primarily a genre painter, often painting pastoral scenes featuring static figures, usually female. Her painting, Catinou Knitting, was exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1887. This sentimental image proved highly popular in reproduction and is still sold in hand painted copies. She also painted portraits, many of which were women.

Work Image Year Format Owner Notes Catinou Knitting 1880 oil Estelle G. (Mrs Charles W.) Livingston,Kensington, California Seated Woman with a Red Kerchief 1886 Auctioned at Bonhams, New York City, 21 May 2008, Lot 1056 In the Wash house 1888 oil on canvas painting laid to wood Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Exhibited at Paris Salon of 1888Winner of PAFA's 1889 Temple Gold Medal (first woman awarded the medal) Elizabeth Cady Stanton 1889 oil on canvas National Portrait Gallery,Washington, D. C. Girl with Cat 1890 pastel Joy L. Barker, Novato, California Child with a Doll 1891 pastel Longfellow National Historic Site,Cambridge, Massachusetts Administered by United States Department of the Interior,National Park Service, Washington, D. C. A Moment's Rest, Barbizon 1891 pastel on paper, mounted on canvas Auctioned at Heritage Auctions, Dallas, Texas, 14 September 2014, Lot 65725 Girl in a Field 1893 pastel Auctioned at Sotheby Parke Bernet, New York City Portrait of Miss Mary Sophia Walker 1895 oil on canvas Bowdoin College Museum of Art,Bowdoin, Maine Portrait of Rosa Bonheur 1898 pastel on paper Bowdoin College Museum of Art,Bowdoin, Maine Rosa Bonheur 1898 oil on canvas Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City Among the Lilies 1909 oil on canvas Palace of the Legion of Honor,Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco,San Francisco, California Portrait of the Violinist Goby Eberhardt 1911 painting Museen für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte der Hansestadt Lübeck,Behnhaus Museum, Lubeck, Germany The Artist's Father 1912 oil on canvas M. H. de Young Memorial Museum,Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco,San Francisco, California