Шауенбург және Гольштейн графтарының тарихы

German noble family

The Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein were titles of the Frankish Empire. The dynastic family came from the County of Schauenburg near Rinteln (district Schaumburg) on the Weser in Germany. Together with its ancestral possessions in Bückeburg and Stadthagen, the House of Schauenburg ruled the County of Schauenburg and the County of Holstein. The comital titles of Holstein were subject to the liege lord, the Dukes of undivided Saxony till 1296, and thereafter the Dukes of Saxe Lauenburg.

The County of Schaumburg originated as a medieval county, which was founded at the beginning of the 12th century. It was named after Schauenburg Castle, near Rinteln on the Weser, where the owners started calling themselves Lords (from 1295 Counts) of Schauenburg. Adolf I probably became the first Lord of Schauenburg in 1106. In 1110, Adolf I, Lord of Schauenburg was appointed by Lothair, Duke of Saxony to hold Holstein and Stormarn, including Hamburg, as fiefs. In a battle with Denmark, however, Adolf III became prisoner of the king Valdemar II, to whom he had to give Holstein in exchange for his freedom. In 1227 Adolf III's son, Adolf IV, recovered the lost lands from Denmark. Subsequently, the House of Schaumburg were also counts of Holstein and its partitions Holstein Itzehoe, Holstein Kiel, Holstein Pinneberg (till 1640), Holstein Plön, Holstein Segeberg and Holstein Rendsburg (till 1460) and through the latter at times also the dukes of Schleswig.

After 1261 the previously jointly ruling brothers Gerhard I and the elder John I divided the Counties of Holstein and Schauenburg (Schaumburg). Gerhard I received the Counties of Holstein Itzehoe and Schaumburg, whereas John received the County of Holstein Kiel. After the death of John I, his sons Adolphus V and John II reigned jointly in Holstein Kiel. In 1273 they partitioned Holstein Kiel and John II continued ruling over Kiel; Adolphus V the Pomeranian then received Segeberg (aka County of Stormarn). After the death of Adolphus V, Holstein Segeberg was reincorporated into Holstein Kiel.

After Gerhard I's death in 1290 his three younger sons partitioned Holstein Itzehoe and Schaumburg into three branches, with Adolph VI the Elder, the third brother, getting Holstein Pinneberg and Schaumburg south of the Elbe, the second brother Gerhard II the Blind getting Holstein Plön, and the fourth Henry I receiving Holstein Rendsburg. The eldest brother John was Canon at the Hamburg Cathedral. After the death of Gerhard II his sons Gerhard IV and his younger half brother John III the Mild inherited and ruled in Holstein Plön together. In 1316 the brothers militarily seized the possessions of John II the One Eyed (d. 1321) in Holstein Kiel, whose sons had been killed. John III the Mild, before a second born co ruling count in Plön, then received Kiel from the deposed John II the One Eyed, a cousin of his father Gerhard II the Blind. Gerhard IV continued ruling Holstein Plön as sole count. After the death of John III's nephew Gerhard V, Count of Holstein Plön in 1350, who had succeeded Gerhard IV, the Plön line became extinct and John III re inherited their possessions. In 1390 his son Adolphus IX (aka VII) ruling since 1359 Kiel including Plön, died without issue and thus Nicholas (Claus) of Holstein Rendsburg and his nephews Albert II and Gerhard VI (jointly ruling till 1397) succeeded to the territories of Holstein Kiel and Holstein Plön.

RulerBornReignDeathRuling partConsortNotes Adolph I c.1090?Son of Adolf?1106 – 13 November 1130County of Schauenburg(with Holstein since 1110)Hildewabefore 1128four children13 November 1130aged 39 40?First count of Schauenburg, in 1110 becomes count of Holstein. Regency of Hildewa (1128 1142) Between 1137 and 1143, Holstein fell under the control of Henry of Badewide, who married a relative of the King of Denmark. However, Adolph and his mother kept Schauenburg and made great efforts to recover Holstein, as much as, by 1139, Henry's domain was already restricted to Wagria. Adolph II c.1128Son of Adolph I and Hildewa13 November 1130 – 6 July 1164County of Schauenburg(with Holstein)Matilda of Schwarzburg Käfernburgc.1155one child6 July 1164Verchenaged 35 36 Regency of Matilda of Schwarzburg Käfernburg (1164 1174) Count of Schauenburg and Holstein, ceded Holstein to Denmark in 1203 in order to be released from captivity. In 1208 Holstein passed to the Count of Weimar Orlamünde, Albert I, who held residence at Stormarn. In 1227, Albert would be defeated by Adolph III's son, Adolph IV. Adolph III1160Son of Adolph II and Matilda of Schwarzburg Käfernburg6 July 1164 – 3 January 1225County of Schauenburg(with Holstein until 1203) Adelaide of Assel1182no childrenAdelaide of QuerfurtBefore 10 May 1189four children 3 January 1225aged 64 65 Adolph IV c.1200Son of Adolph III and Adelaide of Querfurt3 January 1225 – 1238County of Schauenburg(with Holstein from 1227)Heilwig of Lippe1223four children8 July 1261Kielaged Count of Holstein by military victory over Valdemar II; In fulfilment of an oath taken before this same victory, Adolph withdrew in 1238 to a Franciscan friary and in 1244 was ordained a priest in Rome. Regency of Heilwig of Lippe and Abel of Denmark (1238 1243) Children of Adolph IV. John and Gerhard ruled jointly on their first years of rule, under regency. They had to wait their abdicated father's death, because only that would explain their late division of the inheritance. After Gerhard's death in 1290 his sons partitioned Holstein Itzehoe and Schaumburg into three branches. Matilda received property in Schleswig that she left to her brothers after her death. John I 1229First son of Adolph IV and Heilwig of Lippe1238 – 20 April 1263County of Kiel(co rulership in Schauenburg Holstein until 1261) Elisabeth of Saxe Wittenberg1249 or 1250four children20 April 1263aged 33 34 Gerhard I 1232Second son of Adolph IV and Heilwig of Lippe1238 – 21 December 1290County of Itzehoe(co rulership in Schauenburg Holstein until 1261) Elizabeth of Mecklenburg1250eleven childrenAlexia of Montferrat1282no children21 December 1290aged 57 58 Matilda c.1220Daughter of Adolph IV and Heilwig of Lippe1238 – 1288County of Holstein(at Stapelholm, Fræzlæt and Swania) Abel of Denmark25 April 1237four childrenBirger Jarl1261br/>no children1288Kielaged 57 58 Regency of Elisabeth of Saxe Wittenberg (1263 1267) Sons of John I, divided officially their inheritance in 1273. After Adolph V's death without descendants, Segeberg went to a son of John I. In 1316, John II was deposed in a coup led by his cousin John III, from Plön. Adolph V the Pomeranian 1252First son of John I and Elisabeth of Saxe Wittenberg20 April 1263 – 11 November 1308County of Segeberg Euphemia of Pomerania Wolgast1273 or 1278one child11 November 1308aged 55 56 John II the One Eyed 1253Second son of John I and Elisabeth of Saxe Wittenberg20 April 1263 – 1316County of Kiel Margareta of Denmark1276two children1321aged 67 68 Gerhard II the Blind 1254First son of Gerhard I and Elizabeth of Mecklenburg21 December 1290 – 28 October 1312 County of Itzehoe,renamedCounty of Plön Ingeborg of Sweden12 December 1275four childrenAgnes of Brandenburg1293one child28 October 1312aged 57 58 Children of Gerhard I, divided the land. Gerhard II received his father's capital at Itzehoe, but changed it to Plön, while Adolph VI received, with his portion at Pinneberg, the original Schauenburg. Henry I, the younger son, received a portion of the inheritance in Rendsburg. Adolph VI the Elder 1256Second son of Gerhard I and Elizabeth of Mecklenburg21 December 1290 – 13 May 1315County of Pinneberg(with Schauenburg) Helen of Saxe Lauenburg14 February 1294seven children13 May 1315aged 58 59 Henry I 1258Third son of Gerhard I and Elizabeth of Mecklenburg21 December 1290 – 5 August 1304County of Rendsburg Heilwig of Bronckhorst1289four children5 August 1304aged 45 46 Regency of Heilwig of Bronckhorst (1304 1306)Profited from the minority of the duke of Schleswig to take over the duchy to himself, but handed it over in 1330. However, his career and profit rose up to the point where he can be called the de facto ruler of Denmark during the Interregnum of 1332 40. Gerhard III the Great 1292Son of Henry I and Heilwig of Bronckhorst5 August 1304 – 1 April 1340County of Rendsburg(with Schleswig 1326 1330, and major Denmark 1332 1340) Sophia of Werle1315four children 1 April 1340Randersaged 47 48 Adolph (VII) c.1276Son of John II and Margareta of Denmark11 November 1308 – 1315County of Segeberg Luitgard of Mecklenburg1315no children1315aged 38 39Succeeded his uncle Adolph V at Segeberg. Died assassinated and without heirs. Segeberg re absorbed in Kiel; in 1316 it was divided between Pinneberg and Rendsburg Gerhard IV 1277Son of Gerhard II and Ingeborg of Sweden28 October 1312 – 1323 County of Plön(from 1314 only in a small part of the county) Anastasia of Schwerin30 July 1313two children1323aged 45 46 Sons of Gerhard II, ruled jointly. On 7 June 1314 Gerhard sold most of his inheritance part to his brother, who in 1316 also deposed John II of Kiel. Ruling over two main parts of Holstein, John III also served, alongside Gerhard III, as lord ruling in guardianship the Danish Duchy of Schleswig 1332–1340. John III the Mild 1297Son of Gerhard II and Agnes of Brandenburg28 October 1312 – 131622 September 1350 – 27 September 1359 County of Plön Catherine of Głogów25 December 1317 or 27 January 1319three childrenMiroslawa of Schwerin Wittenburg1327three children27 September 1359aged 61 621316 – 27 September 1359 County of Kiel Adolph VII 1297Son of Adolph VI and Helen of Saxe Lauenburg13 May 1315 – 9 October 1354County of Pinneberg(with Schauenburg) Hedwig of Schwalenbergby 1301no childrenHeilwig of Lippe1322eight children9 October 1354aged 56 57 Regency of Anastasia of Schwerin (1323 1329)Ruler of only a small part of Plön, after the sell his father made to his uncle. After his death, the aforementioned uncle reunites effectively the entirety of both Plön and Kiel. Gerhard V 1315Son of Gerhard IV and Anastasia of Schwerin1323 – 22 September 1350 County of Plön Unmarried22 September 1350aged 34 35Plön definitively annexed to Kiel Henry II of Iron 1317First son of Gerhard III and Sophia of Werle1 April 1340 – 1384County of Rendsburg(with Schleswig 1375 1386) Matilda of Lippeone childIngeborg of Mecklenburg Schwerinbefore 1374four children1384 Nicholas and Henry ruled jointly as sons of Gerhard III. In 1375 they inherited the Duchy of Schleswig from the House of Estridsen. In 1384, with the death of his brother, Nicholas associated his nephews (Gerhard and Albert, sons of Henry) to power. In 1386 he abdicated of Schleswig to his older nephew Gerhard, who assumed alone this lands. In 1390 Nicholas inherited Holstein Kiel. After Nicholas' death in 1397, the co ruling nephews, Gerhard and Albert, divided the land. Nicholas I 1321Second son of Gerhard III and Sophia of Werle1 April 1340 – 8 May 13978 May 1397 Elisabeth of Brunswick Lüneburg1354one child Adolph VIII the Younger c.1325First son of Adolph VII and Heilwig of Lippe9 October 1354 – 13 October 1370County of Pinneberg(with Schauenburg) Unmarried13 October 1370Famagustaaged 44 45 Adolph IX the Mild 1327Son of John III and Catherine of Głogów27 September 1359 – 26 January 1390 County of Kiel Anne of Mecklenburg Schwerin4 December 1362 or 21 September 1365no children26 January 1390aged 62 63 After his death in 1390 without descendants, Kiel and its patrimony was divided between Holstein Pinneberg and Holstein Rendsburg. Otto I c.1330Fourth son of Adolph VII and Heilwig of Lippe13 October 1370 – 1404County of Pinneberg(with Schauenburg) Matilda of Brunswick Lüneburg25 June 1368ten children1404 Gerhard VI 1367First son of Henry II and Ingeborg of Mecklenburg Schwerin8 May 1397 – 5 August 1404County of Rendsburg(in Schleswig since 1386) Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick Lüneburg1390six children5 August 1404Dithmarschenaged 36 37 Co rulers in Rendsburg with their uncle Nicholas since 1384. After the abdication of Nicholas in Schleswig, Gerhard took over the duchy, and assumed Rendsburg only after the former's death. Gerhard's brother Albert revived in 1397 the duchy of Segeberg, making official the new division, but after his death in 1403, Segeberg merged again in Rendsburg, still in hands of Gerhard, who died in the following year. The brothers also co ruled with their cousin, Elisabeth, who had received property in Rendsburg. Albert II 1369Second son of Henry II and Ingeborg of Mecklenburg Schwerin8 May 1397 – 28 September 1403County of Segeberg Agnes of Saxe Lauenburgbefore 23 March 1399no children28 September 1403Dithmarschenaged 33 34 Elisabeth1360Daughter of Nicholas I and Elisabeth of Brunswick Lüneburg8 May 1397 – 25 January 1416County of Rendsburg(at Åbenrå, Sønder Rangstrup Herred and Rise Herred) Albert IV, Duke of Mecklenburg1373no childrenEric V, Duke of Saxe Lauenburg1404no children25 January 1416Camminaged 55 56 Henry III c.1372Third son of Henry II and Ingeborg of Mecklenburg Schwerin1404 – February 1421County of Rendsburg UnmarriedFebruary 1421aged 48 49 Also Prince Bishop of Osnabrück as Henry I (1402–1410), and regent in Schleswig. Adolph X 1375Son of Otto I and Matilda of Brunswick Lüneburg1404 – 9 October 1426County of Pinneberg(with Schauenburg) Helen of Hoya1378three children9 October 1426aged 50 51 Regency of Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick Lüneburg and Henry III, Count of Holstein Rendsburg and Prince Bishop of Osnabrück (1404–1413), in Schleswig only Died without descendants. Passed the land to his brothers. Henry IV1397First son of Gerhard VI and Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick LüneburgFebruary 1421 – 28 May 1427County of Rendsburg(in Schleswig since 1404) Unmarried28 May 1427Flensburgaged 29 30 Otto II 1400Son of Adolph X and Helen of Hoya9 October 1426 – 2 June 1464County of Pinneberg(with Schauenburg) Elisabeth of Hohenstein1418ten children2 June 1464aged 63 64 Adolph XI 1401Second son of Gerhard VI and Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick Lüneburg28 May 1427 – 4 December 1459County of Rendsburg(with Schlewig) Matildabefore 1433no childrenMargareta of Mansfeld1433no children4 December 1459Bad Segebergaged 57 58 Sons of Gerhard VI, ruled jointly in Holstein Rendsburg. As Gerhard also wanted to rule in Schleswig he claimed (unsuccessfully) this duchy for himself against his brother. Adolph was the mightiest vassal of Danish crown at his time, gaining royal Danish recognition in 1440. After Adolph's death his patrimony is annexed by Denmark. Gerhard VII 1404Third son of Gerhard VI and Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick Lüneburg28 May 1427 – 24 July 1433 Agnes of Baden2 June 1432Badenten children24 July 1433Emmerich am Rheinaged 28 29Rendsburg and Schleswig were annexed to Denmark; with the Rendsburg patrimony the Danish formed the Duchy of Holstein Adolph XII 1419First son of Otto II and Elisabeth of Hohenstein2 June 1464 – 9 October 1474County of Pinneberg(with Schauenburg) Irmgard of Hoya1459no children9 October 1474aged 54 55 Children of Otto II, succeeded each other, and leaving no descendants. John IV, the eighth son, was the one who left a successor. Eric I 1420Second son of Otto II and Elisabeth of Hohenstein9 October 1474 – 25 March 1492County of Pinneberg(with Schauenburg) Heba of East Frisia1476no children25 March 1492aged 71 72 Otto III 1426Fifth son of Otto II and Elisabeth of Hohenstein25 March 1492 – 1510County of Pinneberg(with Schauenburg) Unmarried1510aged 83 84 Anton I 1439Sixth son of Otto II and Elisabeth of Hohenstein1510 – 22 December 1526County of Pinneberg(with Schauenburg) Sophia of Saxe Lauenburg29 November 1492no childrenAnna of Schönburgbefore 25 September 1497no children22 December 1526aged 86 87 John IV 1449Eighth son of Otto II and Elisabeth of Hohenstein22 December 1526 – 30 March 1527County of Pinneberg(with Schauenburg) Cordula of Gehmen1482one child30 March 1527aged 77 78 Jobst I 1483Son of John IV and Cordula of Gehmen30 March 1527 – 5 June 1531County of Pinneberg(with Schauenburg) Maria of Nassau Siegen1506eight children5 June 1531aged 47 48 Adolph XIII 19 January 1511Second son of Jobst and Maria of Nassau Siegen5 June 1531 – 1544County of Pinneberg(with Schauenburg) Unmarried20 September 1556Brühlaged 45 Children of Jobst, divided their inheritance. The elder brothers ruled jointly in Pinneberg; Jobst II inherited Gemen alone. Adolphus abdicated in 1544, and became Archbishop of Cologne as Adolph III (1547–1556). In 1559 the Reformation officially began in Schauenburg and Holstein Pinneberg. John V 1512Fourth son of Jobst and Maria of Nassau Siegen5 June 1531 – 10 January 1560 Elisabeth of East Frisia1558no children10 January 1560Bückeburgaged 47 48 Otto IV 1517Fifth son of Jobst I and Maria of Nassau Siegen5 June 1531 – 21 December 1576 Maria of Pomerania Stettinbefore 1545four childrenElisabeth Ursula of Brunswick Lüneburg1558three children21 December 1576Bückeburgaged 58 59 Jobst II 1520Seventh son of Jobst I and Maria of Nassau Siegen5 June 1531 – 29 May 1581County of Gemen Elisabeth of Pallant1558three children29 May 1581aged 60 61 Adolph XIV 27 February 1547Son of Otto IV and Maria of Pomerania Stettin21 December 1576 – 2 July 1601County of Pinneberg(with Schauenburg) Elisabeth of Brunswick Wolfenbüttel6 May 1583Wolfenbüttelone child2 July 1601Mindenaged 54 Henry V 21 February 1566Son of Jobst II and Elisabeth of Pallant29 May 1581 – 15 October 1597County of Gemen Matilda of Limburg Styrum4 August 1592Styrumone child15 October 1597aged 61 Ernest 24 September 1569BückeburgSon of Otto IV and Elisabeth Ursula of Brunswick Lüneburg2 July 1601 – 17 January 1622County of Pinneberg(with Schauenburg) Hedwig of Hesse Kassel11 September 1597Schmalkaldenten children17 January 1622Bückeburgaged 52 He was elevated to "Prince of Schaumburg" in 1619. Jobst Herman 6 October 1593BorkenSon of Henry V and Matilda of Limburg Styrum15 October 1597 – 17 January 1622County of Gemen Catherine Sophia of Brunswick Harburg(1577 1665)no children5 November 1635Bückeburgaged 42Inherited the main County of Pinneberg after his cousin Ernest died without descendants. He too died childless.17 January 1622 – 5 November 1635County of Pinneberg(with Schauenburg)Gemen annexed to Pinneberg Otto V 1 March 1614BorkenSon of George Herman of Holstein Gemen and Elisabeth of Lippe5 November 1635 – 15 November 1640County of Pinneberg(with Schauenburg) Unmarried15 November 1640Bückeburgaged 26 Nephew of Henry V and cousin of Jobst Herman. Died unmarried. Pinneberg annexed to the Duchy of Holstein