Зволень: Польша тарихы және қазіргі жағдайы

Place in Masovian Voivodeship, Poland

Zwoleń ( Zvolin) is a town in eastern Poland, in Masovian Voivodeship, about east of Radom. It is the capital of Zwoleń County. Population is 8,048 (2009). Zwoleń belongs to Sandomierz Land of the historic province of Lesser Poland, and is located on the Zwoleńka river.

The history of the town dates back to the early 15th century, when Zwoleń was founded on a privilege issued by King Władysław II Jagiełło. The first wójt was Jan Cielątko. Zwoleń was a royal town of Poland, administratively located in the Radom County in the Sandomierz Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province of the Polish Crown. In the 16th century, it already was a center of local trade, located along the road from Lublin to Radom and Greater Poland. On December 22, 1941 the Jüdischer Wohnbezirk was formally registered. By April 1942, the unfenced, open ghetto had some 4,500 inhabitants living in 239 houses (7 per room on average). Hundreds were homeless. On August 19–20, 1942 approximately 5,000 Jews were shipped in from Gniewoszów ghetto nearby. The Germans also brought to the ghetto Jews from other locations (Janowice, Pionki, Jedlnia, Garbatka), further increasing their numbers. It is estimated that prior to mass deportations there were 6,500–10,000 Jews living there (top estimate by historian Adam Rutkowski has also been disputed). were made to walk to the railway station in Garbatka. A few hundred prisoners unable to walk were shot along the way. From there, all Jews were transported in freight trains to Treblinka extermination camp where they were immediately gassed. Around 70 Jewish Holocaust survivors returned to Zwoleń after the war but soon moved on because of the hostility in post war Poland. On April 7 and 19, 1944, the Germans carried out mass public executions of Poles. Zwoleń strawberries and konfitura truskawkowa (a type of traditional Polish strawberry jam) are officially protected traditional foods of Zwoleń, as designated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland.

The town has a sports club Zwolenianka and other sports associations.