Намакал ауданы: тарихы мен географиясы

the district

Namakkal District is one of the 38 districts (an administrative district) in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The district was bifurcated from Salem District with Namakkal town as headquarters on 25 July 1996 and started to function independently from 1 January 1997. The district has eight taluks (subdivisions): Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Rasipuram, Paramathi Velur, Sendamangalam, Kumarapalayam, Kolli Hills and Mohanur. It has two revenue divisions: Tiruchengode and Namakkal. As of 2011 census, Namakkal district had a population of 1,726,601 with a sex ratio of 986 females for every 1,000 males and Tiruchengode is the largest city in terms of population. Namakkal district is geographically affiliated to Kongu Nadu region. The district is famous for its large poultry industry, egg production and lorry bodybuilding industry, for which it is often referred to as "Egg City" and "Transport Hub of South India".

Valvil Ori was a chieftain and one of the seven patrons from Sangam age who ruled over Kolli Hills around 200 CE. Adiyaman Kings have ruled this area until 8th to 9th century CE as few inscriptions mentions Narasimhaswamy Temple, Namakkal it as Adiyendra Vishnu Grham which evidently shows that the cave was excavated by the Satyaputra Kings, Another inscription in the temple not only confirms this but also mentions the king's name as Gunasila (Dated 500 CE). Historians believe it is possible that both the temples Narasimhaswamy Temple, Namakkal and Ranganatha temple located in Namakkal were built during the same period. Ardhanareeswarar Temple is also dated around 7th century CE, but does not have any Adhiyaman Kings Inscription. After the capture by Cholas, There were many wars between Cholas and Pandyas, Later the Hoysalas rose to power and had the control until the 14th century, followed by Vijayanagara Empire until 1565 CE. Then, the Allala Ilaya Nayakas Vettuvagounder king came to power in 1623 CE under the Vijayanagara Kingdom. He build the Paramathi Fort with sand and stones on a 40 to 50 acre land. Two of the Poligans of Tirumalai Nayak, including Ramachandra Nayaka, ruled the Salem area. The Namakkal fort is reported to have been built by Ramchandra Nayaka after about 1635 CE.

Namakkal district covers an area of 3,368.21 km2. The district is bounded by Salem district on the north; on the east by, Tiruchirapalli District, by Karur District on the south and on the west by Erode district. The average annual rainfall is 716.54 mm. This district receives rainfall mainly from North East Monsoon. Namakkal District comes under the North Western Agro climatic zone of Tamil Nadu. Tiruchengode taluk alone is placed under Western Agro climatic zone. The forest cover has an area of 512.5 km2, which is 15.4% of the total area. Temperature ranges between maximum of 40 °C and minimum of 18 °C. Besides the above two zones, Kolli Hills (a part of the Eastern Ghats mountain range) and a few isolated hills and ridges are scattered over Namakkal, Rasipuram, and Tiruchengode and along with the valleys and rolling hills, make up the characteristic topography of the district. The river Kaveri flows south and southwest hugging the district's borders with Karur and Erode. The other rivers flowing through the district are Aiyaru, Karaigottan Aaru and Thirumanimutharu.

The district is situated in the dividing portion of two watersheds between Cauvery and the Vellar System with the Taluks of Attur, Rasipuram and Namakkal on the East and Salem, Omalur and Mettur on the West. Mettur East Bank canal irrigates Pallipalayam Block with an area of 4,585 Ha. Rajavaikal canal irrigates an area of 4,215 Ha. Mohanur vaikal irrigates about 355 Ha. Kumarapalayam vaikal irrigates about and Poiyeri vaikal irrigates about .

According to 2011 census, Namakkal district had a population of 1,726,601 with a sex ratio of 986 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. 40.32% of the population lived in urban areas. A total of 150,699 were under the age of six, constituting 78,754 males and 71,945 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 20.00% and 3.30% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 68.12%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.

The main occupation for most of the people in the district is agriculture, with a gross cropped area of around 336,700 Ha, out of which about 60,939 Ha are irrigated and about 80,598 Ha are rainfed. The cultivation generally depends on monsoon rains, wells, and tanks. Major soil in this district is red soil (77%). Nearly 90 percent of the cultivated area is under food crops. The principal cereal crops of this district are paddy, cholam, cumbu and ragi. Panivaragu, Kuthiraivali, Samai Varagu and Thinai are some of the millets cultivated. Among pulses, the major crops are redgram, blackgram, greengram and horsegram. Among oil, seeds, groundnut, castor, and gingelly (sesame) occupy important places. Of the commercial crops, sugarcane, cotton and tapioca are some of the important. Using tapioca as raw material about 350 factory units are engaged in the production of Starch and Sago in Namakkal District. Around 800 jaggery manufacturing units were located around ParamathiVelur.

Namakkal district is noted for truck and lorry external body building industry which dates back to 1956. Nationwide Namakkal is known for body building for truck, trailer, tanker and rig unit. Throughout India, Tiruchengode is known for its body building industry for trucks, trailers, tankers, and rig units. Finished trucks and rig units are exported to foreign countries from Namakkal. Nearly 25,000 people are employed, both directly and indirectly, in truck body building activity and about 300 units in Namakkal and 100 units in Tiruchengode are engaged in this activity. which has an astounding number of 29.3 million fowls and 32.4 million eggs produced every day, About 1,500 Poultry/Cattle Feed manufacturing units are also in existence. Mostly every poultry unit has put up their own feed manufacturing unit.

Nearly 176 Sago factories are located in and around the Rasipuram Taluk.

Tiruchengode is 35 km from Namakkal. It is one of the seven Sivasthalams in Kongunadu. The Ardhanareeswarar temple is located on a hill. The presiding deity is depicted as half male and half female, vertically to represent Shiva and Parvati worshipped as one form. It is considered one of the oldest temples in this region. Tiruchegode is the olden Poondurainadu in Kongunadu. Tiruchengode olden name is Thirukodimadachengondurur.