Моға ауданы: тарих және мәдениет

the district

Moga district is one of the twenty two districts in the state of Punjab, India. It became the 17th district of Punjab State on 24 November 1995 cut from Faridkot district. Moga District is among the largest producers of wheat and rice in Punjab, India. People from Moga City and Moga District belong to the Malwa culture. The district is noted for being the homeland for a high proportion of Indian Punjabi expatriates who emigrated abroad and their descendents, which has given it the nickname of "NRI district". Moga town is the headquarters of the district, is situated on Ferozpur Moga Ludhiana road. Takhtupura Sahib is one of the well known villages in this district. Takhtupura Sahib is a historical village. Moga is well for its Nestlé factory,

Structures and sites dating before the reign of the Mughal emperor Akbar are exceedingly rare due to the changing course of the Sutlej river throughout the centuries. As a result, very few sites dating back to antiquity have been uncovered in the local area of Moga. This effect is more pronounced in the western parts of the district. The location of ancient villages and towns can be inferred to the present of mounds of earth, brick, and pottery that have been excavated called thehs. These mounds are evidence that the banks of the river were inhabited in ancient times. A number of coins have been discovered at the site of these mounds.

Sites identified as belonging to the Indus Valley Civilization have been discovered in the area. Scholars have linked these finds to other sites uncovered in the Rupnagar area of Punjab.

The composition of the Rigveda is proposed to have occurred in the Punjab circa 1500 and 1200 BCE.

The region of Moga belongs to the Malwai cultural zone, named after the ancient Malava tribe whom inhabited the area in ancient times. During the reign of Porus in the 4th century BCE, the southern area of Punjab was ruled by both the Kshudrakas and Malavas. Some scholars believe they were pushed southwards due to martial and social pressures occurring in the north. Alexander of Macedon warred with the Malavas for control of the region. This wrestle for power is recorded as being fierce and bitter in Greek historical accounts. They were headquartered in Janer, at the old riverbed location of the Sutlej river, over six kilometres north of the present day city of Moga. Later on, the Bhati clan of Rajputs, originating from Jaisalmer, established themselves in the area, superseding the previous Punwars for authority of the region. Jat tribes, whom had been practicing migratory, nomadic pastoralism for much of their recorded history, began to permanently settle the Moga area during this time and take up a sedentary lifestyle of settled agriculture. First of them being the Dhaliwal clan, who firmly established themselves southeast of Moga at Kangar. They appear to have possibly obtained high repute, seeing as a woman of the clan, Dharm, who was the daughter of Chaudhary Mihr Mitha Dhaliwal, was wedded to the Mughal emperor Akbar. The Gill clan of Jats, originally based in Bathinda, dispersed to the western parts of Moga district around this time. At the end of the 16th century, the Sidhu clan of Jats migrated northwards to the area from Rajasthan. A branch of the Sidhus, the Brars, established themselves in the south of Gill territory, pushing its former inhabitants northwards whilst taking control of their key places in the process. The Brars founded a chieftainship at Kot Kapura, 40 kilometres west of present day Moga, and rebelled against the overlordship of Nawab Ise Khan, the Manj governor. During the Early Mughal Sikh Wars, in 1634 Guru Hargobind left Amritsar to avoid Mughal persecution and arrived near Moga with fresh recruits enlisted en route to stage a counter attack against the Mughal government. When near Moga, he sent his family to safety in Kartarpur and whilst he remained in the Malwa region with his army. Gurdwara Tambu Sahib was later constructed to commemorate his stay in the area. Furthermore, it is said he wrote and dispatched the Zafarnama letter to Aurangzeb from here. A gurdwara, Zafarnama Gurdwara Lohgarh Sahib Pind Dina Patishahi Dasvin, commemorates his stay at Dina, Moga, and a sign there claims the Guru stayed at the location for 3 months and 13 days. Bhuma Singh Dhillon, who succeeded as the second leader of the Bhangi Misl, was born in Hung village located in the Wadni parganah of Moga district. The forces of Tara Singh, the misldar of the Dallewalia Misl of the Sikh Confederacy, led incursions into modern day Moga district, conquering all the way to Ramuwala and Mari. Fortresses (ਕਿਲਾ Kilā in Punjabi) were constructed at both of these places by the Sikh misl. The area of Moga was one of the 45 taluqas (subdistrict) south of the Sutlej River that was claimed by Maharaja Ranjit Singh as belonging to or claimed by him through Sada Kaur as per a list by Captain William Murray on 17 March 1828.

During the First Anglo Sikh War, the forces of the Sikh Empire crossed the river Sutlej on 16 December 1845, and fought battles at Mudki, Firozshah, Aliwal, and Sabraon. The Sikh forces were defeated by the British and retreated back beyond the Sutlej. After the war, the British acquired all former territory of the Lahore Darbar south and east of the Sutlej. When the Sutlej campaign drew to a close at the end of 1846, the territories of Khai, Baghuwala, Ambarhar, Zira, and Mudki, with portions of Kot Kapura, Guru Har Sahai, Jhumba, Kot Bhai, Bhuchcho, and Mahraj were added to the Firozepur district. Other acquisitions by the British were divided between the Badhni and Ludhiana districts. In 1847, the Badhni district was dissolved and the following areas were incorporated into the Firozepur district: Mallanwala, Makhu, Dharmkot, Kot Ise Khan, Badhni, Chuhar Chak, Mari, and Sadasinghwala. During the late 19th century, the Kuka movement was prevalent in the areas of Moga, with many of its followers drawing from the laypersons of the district. The Kukas are believed to be one of the first resistance movement of the subcontinent towards Indian independence from European powers. During the Indian Independence Movement, many revolutionaries came from Moga district. Many of them were tried and executed as a result of their activities against the colonial government.

An event called the All India Workers' Conference was held in Moga in September 1968, establishing the Bharatiya Khet Mazdoor Union with a membership of 251,000 at the time. The areas of Moga district were heavily effected by Communist insurgencies in the latter half of the 20th century, being one of the worst affected areas of the state of Punjab. In 1972, two students in Moga district were killed in a police firing, leading to an incident known as the Moga agitation, which was led by leftist groups where protestors set afire government buildings and public transport for two months. On 26 June 1989, during the Punjab insurgency, an event known as the Moga massacre occurred, when suspected Khalistani militants opened fire on RSS workers undergoing a morning exercise and indoctrination session in Nehru Park in Moga city. The attack led to the deaths of 24 people and was suspected of being carried out by the Khalistan Commando Force. During the 2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest, many of the participants of the movement against the three farm bills hailed from Moga district.

In 2010 11, there were 2,850 registered Micro and Small Enterprise (MSE) units in Kapurthala district, which provided employment to 21,218 people. There were 5 registered Medium and Large industrial units, which provided employment to 1,699 people.

No. Constituency Name of MLA PartyBench71Nihal Singh Wala (SC)Manjit Singh Bilaspur Government72Bhagha PuranaAmritpal Singh Sukhanand Government73MogaDr. Amandeep Kaur Arora Government74DharamkotDevinder Singh Laddi Dhos Government

The district currently has a low amount of its area under forest cover, partly due to past deforestation during the Green Revolution, but afforestation and reforestation drives have led to the planting of saplings in the district. 9 million tree saplings are planned to be planted in the district before 2026 by NITI Aayog to meet the demands of a World Economic Forum initiative, with hopes of increasing Moga district's percentage of land under forest cover from the current 1.25% (2,575 hectares) to over 5% (11, 575 hectares).

#NameAssumed officeLeft officeTenure1Phulwant Singh Sidhu5 December 19954 December 19960 years, 1 days2Cap. Narinder Singh4 December 199618 February 19970 years, 289 days3R venkatraman18 February 199728 April 19981 years, 69 days4K. S. Kang28 April 19983 June 19991 years, 36 days5K. B. S Sidhu3 June 19994 March 20022 years, 91 days6G. Raman Kumar4 March 200225 July 20042 years, 143 days7Mandeep Singh26 July 20046 April 20061 years, 111 days8V. K. Meena7 April 20069 October 20060 years, 185 days9Arvinder Singh9 October 200623 December 20060 years, 75 days10S. K. Sharma23 December 200612 March 20070 years, 1 days11Arvinder Singh12 March 20076 November 20070 years, 239 days12Satwant Singh7 November 200711 August 20102 years, 88 days13Vijay N. Zade11 August 201028 July 20110 years, 14 days14Ashok Kumar Singla28 July 201128 December 20110 years, 153 days15B. Purushertha28 December 20113 April 20120 years, 269 days16Arshdeep Singh Thind3 April 201230 May 20142 years, 57 days17Parminder Singh Gill2 June 20145 January 20161 years, 149 days18Kuldeep Singh Vaid3 February 201630 November 20160 years, 301 days19Parminder Singh Gill9 December 20165 January 20170 years, 338 days20Parveen Kumar Thind6 January 201715 May 20170 years, 129 days21Dilraj Singh16 May 201729 August 20181 years, 105 days22Devinderpal Singh Kharbanda29 August 20182 October 20180 years, 34 days23Sandeep Hans3 October 20185 October 20213 years, 2 days24Dr. Harish Nayar5 October 20211 April 20220 years, 187 days25Kulwant Singh3 April 2022Till Datesource: List of Deputy Commissioners