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Crocodile attacks on humans

Crocodile attacks on humans are common in places where large crocodilians are native and human populations live. It has been estimated that about 1,000 people are killed by crocodilians each year.

The two species with the most well known and documented reputation for preying on humans are the Nile crocodile and saltwater crocodile, and these are the perpetrators of the vast majority of both fatal and non fatal crocodilian attacks. Crocodilians will defend not only themselves, but also their nest and young from anything they perceive as a threat. but has been involved in several attacks, also fatal), American crocodile (only a few documented fatalities), the Morelet's crocodile (typically considered a relatively non threatening species, but there have been several fatal attacks), Orinoco crocodile (fatalities recorded in the 1930s and earlier when the species was more common, but today it is very rare), Cuban crocodile (generally considered aggressive, but only one confirmed fatality), black caiman (fatal attacks confirmed in Brazil, but possibly underreported because of its remote range), and gharial (a single known fatality, without consumption). In addition to these, the freshwater crocodile, Philippine crocodile, Siamese crocodile, broad snouted caiman, spectacled caiman and yacare caiman have been involved in non fatal attacks. Four of them, the Siamese crocodile, broad snouted caiman, spectacled caiman and yacare caiman, each are suspected to have been the perpetrator of a single fatal attack on a child (smaller and therefore a more likely target than an adult), although for each of these cases the identity of the species is not completely certain.

An accurate count of annual crocodile attacks on humans is difficult to obtain. Many of the areas in which humans and large crocodiles come into contact are remote, impoverished, or in areas of political unrest. Crocodile attacks are not always reported to local authorities, and some reports are difficult to verify. Nevertheless, some information does exist: for example, it was reported by CAMPFIRE in Zimbabwe that in the first ten months of the year in 2005 crocodiles were the number one cause of death in humans where wildlife was involved – with the number of deaths cited as 13. Unlike other "man eating" crocodiles, such as the saltwater crocodile, the Nile crocodile lives in proximity to human populations, so contact is more frequent. Although most attacks are not reported, the Nile crocodile is estimated to kill hundreds (possibly thousands) of people each year, which is more than all other crocodilian species combined. One study posited the number of attacks by Nile crocodiles per year as 275 to 745, of which 63% are fatal, as opposed to an estimated 30 attacks per year by saltwater crocodiles, of which 50% are fatal. In both species, the mean size of crocodiles involved in nonfatal attacks was about as opposed to a reported range of or larger for crocodiles responsible for fatal attacks. Since a majority of fatal attacks are believed to be predatory in nature, the Nile crocodile can be considered the most prolific predator of humans among wild animals. The most deaths in a single crocodile attack incident may have occurred during the Battle of Ramree Island, on February 19, 1945, in what is now Myanmar. Nine hundred soldiers of an Imperial Japanese Army unit, in an attempt to retreat from the Royal Navy and rejoin a larger battalion of the Japanese infantry, crossed through 10 mile (16 km) of mangrove swamps that contained saltwater crocodiles. Twenty Japanese soldiers were captured alive by the British, and almost five hundred are known to have escaped Ramree. Many of the remainder may have been eaten by the crocodiles, although since this incident took place during an active military conflict, it is impossible to know how many deaths can be directly attributed to the crocodiles instead of combat related causes.

Australian philosopher Val Plumwood survived a prolonged saltwater crocodile attack during a solo canoe excursion in Kakadu National Park in 1985. Plumwood recounted the details of the attack and her escape in her 1996 essay "Being Prey". Following the attack, she spent a month in intensive care in a Darwin hospital and required extensive skin grafts. On August 24, 2014, 26 year old Alejandro Jimenez and his friend, Lisset Rendon, 23 went for a late night swim at a lake in Coral Gables, Florida for a party, when a 9 feet (3 m) American Crocodile bit Jimenez on his torso and hand while Rendon was bitten on her shoulder; Jimenez and Rendon were hospitalized the next day. On August 20, 2019, 79 year old Lasse Liedegren was bitten by a crocodile at Skansen aquarium in Sweden during a gentlemen's club party. He stood in front of the crocodiles enclosure and when he reached back out with his left arm over the glass barrier the crocodile reacted and attacked. He later had his left arm amputated due to the attack. On November 30, 2021, 18 year old Amelie Osborn Smith was attacked by a Nile crocodile in the Zambezi River, Zambia. Osborn Smith and her friends were able to prevent the crocodile from dragging her underwater, sustaining blood loss as well as serious injuries to her hip, lower leg, and right foot. Osborn Smith told SkyNews that she intends to return to Zambia in the future to start a school for local children.