Жарылыс қаупі туралы ескертулер

Threat to detonate an explosive device

A bomb threat or bomb scare is a threat, usually verbal or written, to detonate an explosive or incendiary device to cause property damage, death, injuries, and/or incite fear, whether or not such a device actually exists.

Bomb threats were used to incite fear and violence during the American Civil Rights Movement, during which leader of the movement Martin Luther King Jr. received multiple bomb threats during public addresses, and schools forced to integrate faced strong opposition, resulting in 43 bomb threats against Central High School in Arkansas being broadcast on TV and the radio.

Supposed motives for bomb threats include: "humor, self assertion, anger, manipulation, aggression, hate and devaluation, omnipotence, fantasy, psychotic distortion, ideology, retaliation," and creating chaos. Many of the motives based on personal emotion are speculative. Many bomb threats that are not pranks are made as parts of other crimes, such as extortion, arson, or aircraft hijacking. Actual bombings for malicious destruction of property, terrorism, or murder are often perpetrated without warning. Some threats are racially motivated, while others are made against houses of worship or research and medical facilities.

Bomb threats made as part of extortion schemes demand some form of bribe, payment, or incentive to prevent the use of a bomb. The payment can be made in the form of cash, Bitcoin, or forcing the victim to adhere to demands.

Because of the potential for loss of life, injury, and property damage of a bomb detonation, bomb threats are treated as realistic and maliciously intended by authorities until proven otherwise. Bomb threats made as jokes or pranks, especially those made against schools, cause thousands of dollars in law enforcement costs, government resources, and lost educational time annually. Related to an actual bomb is a so called "hoax device", designed to cause a reasonable person to assume the item was a truly destructive device capable of causing injury or death.

False flag bomb threats are made to create the appearance of a specific group or person being responsible for an activity to disguise the true perpetrators.

It can happen as part of politically motivated operations, for example when it was reportedly used as a pretext by the Belarusian government to divert Ryanair Flight 4978 to Minsk in order to arrest opposition figure Raman Pratasevich. As a result the nation was accused of committing state terrorism.

Bomb threats are often made toward educational institutions, typically by students who either feel under stress due to academic pressure or who harbor angry or violent emotions toward the school community or members of it. In the United States, roughly 5% of bomb threats targeted schools,

In 2013, final exams at Harvard University were disrupted by an anonymous threat of a "shrapnel bomb" that turned out to have been authored by 20 year old student Eldo Kim who hoped to avoid taking his final exam. Kim agreed to pay restitution to law enforcement agencies, complete a rehabilitative "diversionary program", remain under home confinement for several months, and perform community service.

Bomb threats against political figures such as the President of the United States, occur regularly and are illegal under the United States Code Title 18, Section 871 law. The British royal family, specifically Queen Elizabeth, has faced bomb threats based on blame for the actions of the British government. Celebrities may also be the victims of bomb threats, especially those who have expressed political views, or those who are leaders of political causes.

Many buildings are the recipients of bomb threats, including transportation hubs such as airports and train stations, power plants, medical facilities, and government buildings such as the Pentagon, the US Embassy, and the Casa Rosada. Among these, airports, city halls, and courthouses are most likely to experience repeated bomb threats. Among bomb threats related to transportation, threats and false information knowingly provided about bombs on airplanes have the most severe response.

A total of 1536 bomb threat incidents took place in the US in 2016, 254 of which were made against businesses and 186 of which were made to residences. New York law makes it a "Class E Felony to issue a false bomb threat directed toward a school in New York State." Even a false bomb threat has a maximum fine of $5,000 and up to 5 years in prison. In Orange County in North Carolina, a person may face "a felony charge, a 365 day suspension, revocation of his or her driver’s license, and a civil lawsuit of up to $25,000." the existence of a target, is not relevant. This is because verbal acts which inherently cause panic are not protected under Freedom of speech.

Bomb threats are likely influenced by the power of suggestion and mass media, with threats likely to be made against targets with recent media coverage. Analysis suggests bomb threats against nuclear energy facilities tend to follow greater publicity of nuclear power problems. Because of copycat trends, some schools are moving toward policies of immediate criminal action against students caught making such threats, regardless of motivation.