Postal Regulatory Commission

US regulatory agency

The United States Postal Regulatory Commission (or PRC), formerly called the Postal Rate Commission, is an independent regulatory agency created by the Postal Reorganization Act of 1970. Like the Postal Service, it was defined in law as an independent establishment of the executive branch.

The Postal Reorganization Act of 1970 created the PRC—originally named the Postal Rate Commission—to set the rates for different classes of mail by holding hearings on rates proposed by the United States Postal Service (USPS). From 1970 through 2006, the PRC also had oversight authority over the USPS in areas besides rates changes. Specifically, that additional oversight consisted of conducting public, on the record hearings concerning proposed mail classification or major service changes and of recommending actions to be taken by the postal Governors.

The Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act of 2006 (Public Law 109 435) enacted on December 20, 2006, made several changes to the Postal Regulatory Commission. Besides giving the body its current name, the Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act significantly strengthened the Commission's authority to serve as a counterbalance to new flexibility granted to the USPS in setting postal rates. The Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act requires the Postal Regulatory Commission to develop and maintain regulations for a modern system of rate regulation, consult with the Postal Service on delivery service standards and performance measures, consult with the Department of State on international postal policies, prevent cross subsidization or other anti competitive postal practices, promote transparency and accountability, and adjudicate complaints. The law also assigns new and continuing oversight responsibilities to the Postal Regulatory Commission, including annual determinations of USPS compliance with applicable laws, development of accounting practices and procedures for the Postal Service, review of the Universal Service requirement, and assurance of transparency through periodic reports. New enforcement tools given to the PRC include subpoena power, authority to direct the Postal Service to adjust rates and to take other remedial actions, and levying fines in cases of deliberate noncompliance with applicable postal laws.

According to the Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act, the United States Postal Service must make annual payments of between $5.4 billion and $5.8 billion to the Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund from 2007. This provision of the law has been highly controversial, as no other federal agency is required to pre fund future retirees' health benefits in this manner. The consequences of this funding requirement have been blamed for the perilous financial condition of the Postal Service, but no consensus has been reached on its fiscal effects, given other contributors such as stiff competition and other economic circumstances. In June 2011, the United States Postal Service had to suspend its weekly payment of $115 million into the fund because it had reached $8 billion in debt and the retirement plan had a surplus of $6.9 billion.

Name Position Party Term started Term expiredHoward Elliott Commissioners Republican November 23, 1970 February 28, 1973William J. Crowley Chairman October 15, 1970 May 1, 1973 John L. Ryan Commissioner November 23, 1970 August 3, 1970 Chairman August 4, 1973 October 31, 1973 Rod Kreger Commissioner August 6, 1973 January 7, 1974 Nathan A. Baily Commissioner Democratic October 15, 1970 October 14, 1974 Fred B. Rhodes Chairman Republican January 18, 1974 December 30, 1974 Paul A. Miltich Commissioner March 13, 1975 March 7, 1977 Frank P. Saponaro Commissioner Independent October 15, 1970 October 14, 1977 Carlos C. Villarreal Commissioner Republican April 15, 1973 February 1, 1979 Kieran O'Doherty Commissioner Conservative February 20, 1975 October 14, 1980 A. Lee Fritschler Chairman Democratic July 31, 1979 March 4, 1981 Commissioner March 5, 1981 August 31, 1981 Clyde S. DuPont Commissioner Republican September 20, 1974 March 13, 1975 Chairman March 14, 1975 July 29, 1979 Commissioner July 30, 1979 September 14, 1981 Simeon M. Bright Commissioner Democratic December 15, 1977 October 12, 1984 James H. Duffy Commissioner May 11, 1979 September 11, 1985 Henrietta F. Guiton Commissioner December 20, 1984 June 19, 1987Janet D. Steiger Commissioner Republican October 15, 1980 February 2, 1982 Chairman February 3, 1982 August 10, 1989 Patti Birge. Tyson CommissionerDemocratic September 12, 1985 November 22, 1991 Henry R. Folsom Commissioner Republican March 9, 1982 December 29, 1992 John Crutcher Commissioner March 9, 1982 October 14, 1993 Wayne A. Schley Commissioner December 30, 1992 October 14, 1995 Edward H. Quick Commissioner Democratic December 2, 1991 November 22, 1997George W. Haley Chairman Republican February 14, 1990 October 14, 1993 Commissioner December 1, 1993 September 10, 1998 Edward J. Gleiman Chairman Independent February 23, 1994 February 2, 2001 W. H. "Trey" LeBlanc Commissioner Democratic November 24, 1987 November 22, 2001 Dana B. "Danny" Covington Commissioner Republican November 2, 1998 October 14, 2005George A. Omas Commissioner August 8, 1997 November 29, 2001 Chairman November 30, 2001 December 9, 2006 Dawn Tisdale Commissioner Democratic December 1, 2004 November 22, 2007Dan Gregory Blair Chairman Republican December 9, 2006 August 5, 2009 Commissioner August 6, 2009 June 30, 2011Ruth Y. Goldway Commissioner Democratic April 15, 1998 August 5, 2009 Chairwoman August 6, 2009 December 3, 2014 Commissioner December 4, 2014 November 22, 2015Tony Hammond Commissioner Republican August 6, 2002 October 7, 2011 April 30, 2012 October 14, 2013 December 10, 2014 August 7, 2019Nanci E. Langley Commissioner Democratic June 9, 2008 November 22, 2013 December 10, 2014 August 7, 2019 Mark D. Acton Commissioner Republican August 17, 2006 October 5, 2023

The Office of Accountability & Compliance (OAC) provides analytic support to the Commission for the review of various Postal Service proposed actions: rate changes, negotiated service agreements (NSAs), classification of products and services, the Annual Compliance Determination, the Annual Report to President and Congress, changes to postal services, post office closings and other issues before the Commission. Areas of expertise include economic and econometric analysis, analysis of operational characteristics of the postal system, analysis of Postal Service operating costs and cost methodologies. OAC also collects, analyzes and periodically summarizes financial and various other statistical information to support Commission responsibilities.

The Office of General Counsel provides legal assistance on matters involving the Commission's responsibilities; defends Commission decisions before the courts; and advises the Commission on the legal aspects of proposed legislation, rulemaking, and policies on procurement, contracting, personnel matters, ethics, and other internal legal matters.

The Office of Public Affairs & Government Relations (PAGR) manages communications and public outreach for the Commission with the public, Members of Congress, the Postal Service, state and local governments, and the news media. PAGR engages in public outreach, responds to media inquiries and disseminates information concerning Commission decisions and activities to the public. PAGR also provides information to postal customers and assists in the resolution of informal complaints, called "rate and service inquiries", from members of the public.

The Office of Secretary & Administration records and preserves PRC actions and documents, manages the dockets, reference materials, and interagency reporting. It also helps to manage the administrative aspects of the PRC, including budgeting and accounting, strategic planning, contracting, human resources and personnel, and serves as a point of contact for audits. It also manages facilities and infrastructure, and provides support services.

The Office of Inspector General is a watchdog office that seeks out fraud, waste and abuse in the PRC programs and operations, and conducts audits of programs to identify areas of potential improvement. The Office of Inspector General also investigates allegations and complaints.

The law (39 U. S. C. 505) requires that the Commission designate an individual to represent the interest of the general public in every public proceeding. This obligation is likely unique in the federal government, although state level public utility commissions have similar arrangements. Since 2007, the Commission has used the method of appointing a staff member, on a case by case basis, to represent the public interest before the Commission for the duration of that particular case. This appointee is called the Public Representative. The Public Representative can obtain legal or technical support if necessary to fulfill that responsibility, but no one working in the Public Representative role can participate in the Commission's decision making process.