LGBT rights in Syria

Homosexuality in Syria

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in the Syrian Arab Republic have limited legal rights. Article 520 of the penal code of 1949 prohibits "carnal relations against the order of nature", punishable with a prison sentence of up to three years. Vigilante executions, beatings, and torture against LGBT people occur frequently in Syria, including attacks by the rebel group Hayat Tahrir al Sham.

In 2010, the Syrian police began a crackdown that led to the arrest of over 25 men. The men were charged with various crimes including homosexual acts, illegal drug use, encouraging homosexual behavior and organizing obscene parties.

After 2011, the LGBT community in Syria started to demand rights more openly, and campaigns outside of Syria began to spread awareness about LGBT rights. These campaigns were influenced by the growing number of Syrian immigrants and refugees who found more opportunities to speak out. Many LGBT Syrian refugees have participated in gay pride parades around the world.

In August 2015, the UN Security Council held a session on LGBT rights co sponsored by the U. S. and Chile. The council heard testimony from refugees fleeing Syria and Iraq. In ISIS held areas, the refugees reported increased violence against women and members of the LGBT community. They reported that ISIS had claimed to have executed at least 30 people for "sodomy". This was the first time in its 70 year history that the UN Security Council had discussed LGBT concerns.

On 14 September 2021, Syrian LGBTQIA+ activists launched the Guardians of Equality Movement (GEM), an organization that works to defend and protect the rights of the Syrian LGBTQIA+ community.

The first reported cases of HIV infection were in 1987. In 2005, the Deputy Minister of Religious Endowments publicly stated that HIV/AIDS was divine punishment for people who engaged in fornication and homosexuality. That same year, the Health Ministry stated that only 369 people in Syria were infected with HIV and that the government offers such people "up to date medicines to combat this disease freely". However, Non governmental organizations estimate that there are actually at least five times as many, and the United Nations chastised the government for its ineffective prevention methods. Beyond tolerating the work of some NGOs, the government has established voluntary clinics that can test for HIV/AIDS and distribute some educational pamphlets, but comprehensive public education, especially for LGBT people, does not exist. Instead, the government launched a limited HIV/AIDS educational program for youth in secondary schooling. The country is considered to have one of the lowest prevalences of HIV infection in the Region, with less than 2 per 100,000 among the general population affected and less than 1% among the most at risk populations in 2018. The total number of total reported HIV cases until the end of the third quarter of 2019 was 1013.

As part of the Rights in Exile Programme, the International Refugee Rights Initiative has compiled a resource page for LGBTI citizens of the Syrian Arab Republic. Akkad's story was mentioned in the human rights session in the German Parliament in 2020 by German philosopher David Berger.

"One of you", or in Arabic "واحد منكن" (pron: wahed menkon), is a social media movement that started on Facebook in 2020, then moved to Twitter for easier recognition. It launched around March in Syria, and later spread within the wider Arab community. The campaign continued for a month afterwards, but the trend soon died due to other major events, primarily the COVID 19 pandemic. It started with university students painting the LGBT flag colors on their fingers, with the hashtag #oneofyou on their hands. They then took pictures with a faculty building while raising their hands, and posted it from various accounts. Most people who started the trend used fake social media accounts to post the pictures, out of fear of being recognized. Reactions varied, from people defending the trend, to others promising blood, to people who participated afterwards. No incidents happened while the trend was ongoing, no casualties, just online discussions. Some escalated into heated arguments, but nothing happened as the trend died.

Syrian LGBTQ+ refugees, like refugees of other nationalities, often face discrimination and exclusion in their host countries based on factors such as race, language, skin color and religious background.