Кэрол Энн Даффи: Шотландия ақыны және драматургі

Scottish poet and playwright (born 1955)

Dame Carol Ann Duffy (born 23 December 1955) is a Scottish and her term expired in 2019. She was the first female poet, the first Scottish born poet and the first openly lesbian poet to hold the Poet Laureate position. Her collections include Standing Female Nude (1985), winner of a Scottish Arts Council Award; Selling Manhattan (1987), which won a Somerset Maugham Award; Mean Time (1993), which won the Whitbread Poetry Award; and Rapture (2005), which won the T. S. Eliot Prize. Her poems address issues such as oppression, gender, and violence, in accessible language.

Carol Ann Duffy was born into a Roman Catholic family in the Gorbals, considered a poor part of Glasgow. She was the daughter of Mary (née Black) and Frank Duffy, an electrical fitter.

When Duffy was 15, June Scriven sent her poems to Outposts, a publisher of pamphlets, where it was read by the bookseller Bernard Stone, who published some of them. When she was 16, she met Adrian Henri, 39 at the time, one of the Liverpool poets, and decided she wanted to be with him; she then lived with him for 10 years until they split in 1982. "He gave me confidence," she said, "he was great. It was all poetry, very heady, and he was never faithful. He thought poets had a duty to be unfaithful." She applied to the University of Liverpool to be near him, and began a philosophy degree there in 1974. She had two plays performed at the Liverpool Playhouse, wrote a pamphlet, Fifth Last Song, and received an honours degree in philosophy in 1977. In the same year, she was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. She was appointed as Poet Laureate on 1 May 2009, when Motion's 10 year term was over. Duffy was featured on the South Bank Show with Melvyn Bragg in December 2009 and on 7 December she presented the Turner Prize to artist Richard Wright. Duffy received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot Watt University in 2009. In 2015, Duffy was elected as an Honorary Fellow of the British Academy.

Duffy's poems are studied in British schools at ISC, GCSE, National 5, A level, and higher levels. In August 2008, her "Education for Leisure," a poem about violence, was removed from the GCSE AQA Anthology, following a complaint about its references to knife crime and a goldfish being flushed down a toilet. The poem begins: "Today I am going to kill something. Anything./I have had enough of being ignored and today/I am going to play God." The protagonist kills a fly, then a goldfish. The budgie panics and the cat hides. It ends with him, or her, or them, leaving the house with a knife. "The pavements glitter suddenly. I touch your arm." though this was later denied by AQA. Duffy called the decision ridiculous. "It's an anti violence poem," she said. "It is a plea for education rather than violence." She responded with "Mrs Schofield's GCSE", a poem about violence in other fiction, and the point of it. "Explain how poetry/pursues the human like the smitten moon/above the weeping, laughing earth " The Mrs. Schofield of the title refers to Pat Schofield, an external examiner at Lutterworth College, Leicestershire, who complained about "Education for Leisure," calling it "absolutely horrendous."

In 2011 Duffy, spearheaded a new poetry competition for schools, named Anthologise. The competition is administered by the Poetry Book Society and was launched by the Duchess of Cornwall in September 2011. School students aged 11–18 from around the UK were invited to create and submit their own anthologies of published poetry. The 2011 Anthologise judges were Duffy; Gillian Clarke (National Poet for Wales); John Agard; Grace Nichols and Cambridge Professor of Children's Poetry, Morag Styles. The first ever winners of Anthologise were the sixth form pupils of Monkton Combe School, Bath, with their anthology titled The Poetry of Earth is Never Dead, which was described by Duffy as "assured and accomplished as any anthology currently on the bookshelves."

Duffy is also a playwright, and has had plays performed at the Liverpool Playhouse and the Almeida Theatre in London. Her plays include Take My Husband (1982), Cavern of Dreams (1984), Little Women, Big Boys (1986) Loss (1986), Casanova (2007). Her radio credits include an adaptation of Rapture. Her children's collections include Meeting Midnight (1999) and The Oldest Girl in the World (2000). She also collaborated with the Manchester composer, Sasha Johnson Manning, on The Manchester Carols, a series of Christmas songs that premiered in Manchester Cathedral in 2007. She also participated in the Bush Theatre's 2011 project Sixty Six Books, for which she wrote a piece based on a book of the King James Bible. A modernised adaptation of Everyman by Duffy, with Chiwetel Ejiofor in the title role, was performed at the National Theatre from April to July 2015.

At the age of 16, Duffy began a relationship with poet Adrian Henri, living with him until 1982. Duffy later met poet Jackie Kay, with whom she had a 15 year relationship. During her relationship with Kay, Duffy gave birth to a daughter, Ella (born 1995), whose biological father is fellow poet Peter Benson. Raised in her parents' Roman Catholic faith, Duffy became an atheist when she was 15. However, she has spoken of the influence her religious upbringing has had on her poetry, stating: "Poetry and prayer are very similar." She is a lesbian.

1974: Fleshweathercock and Other Poems, Outposts Ltd.
1984: Cavern of Dreams (play). 1985: Standing Female Nude, Anvil Press Poetry (poetry). 1986: Little Women, Big Boys (play). 1986: Loss (radio play). 1986: Thrown Voices, Turret Books, pamphlet (poetry). 1987: Selling Manhattan, Anvil Press Poetry (poetry). 1990: The Other Country, Anvil Press Poetry (poetry). 1992: I Wouldn't Thank You for a Valentine (editor), Viking (poetry anthology). 1992: William and the Ex Prime Minister, Anvil Press Poetry, pamphlet, (poetry). 1993: Mean Time Anvil Press Poetry (poetry). 1994: Anvil New Poets Volume 2 (editor), Penguin Books (poetry anthology). 2006: The Lost Happy Endings (illustrated by Jane Ray), Penguin (children's book). 2007: Answering Back (editor), Picador (poetry anthology). 2007: The Hat. Faber and Faber (children's poetry). 2007: The Tear Thief. Barefoot Books (children's book). 2009: Mrs Scrooge: A Christmas Poem (illustrated by Beth Adams), Simon & Schuster. 2009: New & Collected Poetry for Children Faber and Faber (poetry). 2009: The Princess's Blankets (illustrated by Catherine Hyde). Templar (children's book). 2009: The Twelve Poems of Christmas (editor), Candlestick Press (poetry). 2009: To The Moon: An Anthology of Lunar Poetry (editor), Picador (poetry). 2009: Love Poems, Picador (poetry, selected). 2010: The Gift Barefoot Books (children's book). 2011: The Bees Picador (poetry, selected). 2011: The Christmas Truce (illustrated by David Roberts) Picador. 2012: Wenceslas: A Christmas Poem (illustrated by Stuart Kolakovic), Picador. 2014: Dorothy Wordsworth's Christmas Birthday (illustrated by Tom Duxbury), Picador. 2015: The Wren Boys (illustrated by Dermot Flynn), Picador. 2018: Sincerity (Picador), 2018: Eight World's Wives Published by Andrew J Moorhouse (Fine Press Poetry).