Нидерланд Банкінің тарихы мен құрылымы

The Netherlands' central bank

De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB, ) is the Dutch member of the Eurosystem and has been the monetary authority for the Netherlands from 1814 to 1998, issuing the Dutch guilder. Since 2014, it has also been the country's national competent authority within European Banking Supervision. It was originally founded by King William I, and has been since transformed into a state owned public limited company (naamloze vennootschap, abbreviated NV).

On 2 May 1998, the European heads of state or government decided that the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) would begin on 1 January 1999 with eleven Member States of the European Union (EU), the Netherlands included. As from 1 June 1998, the Dutch central bank, De Nederlandsche Bank N. V., forms part of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). On the same day, the new Bank Act (of 1998) came into force. Nearly 185 years into its existence, the Nederlandsche Bank has entered a new phase.

The bank was established from the start on nl, where it occupied 17th century houses. In the 1860s, a purpose built head office, designed by architect nl, was erected on the same location and inaugurated in 1869. Nearly a century later in 1968, as the bank has left the building for its new seat, it was taken over by the University of Amsterdam which had long been established just nearby, and subsequently repurposed as the location of the Allard Pierson Museum, which opened there in October 1976. In the 1960s, a new head office complex was constructed on and inaugurated by Queen Juliana in May 1968. Architect nl's stark design of 1961 consisted on a low square base and a rectangular office tower. In the late 1980s, as the bank was running out of space, it was complemented with a second, oval tower designed in 1984 by architects nl and Marc a Campo, whose construction was finished in 1989. In 2008, Marc a Campo designed a further extension by adding an extra floor to the square base. In a comprehensive renovation during the early 2020s, the oval tower was demolished and the base remodeled to return the building to an exterior appearance more similar to the original one of the 1960s.

President of De Nederlandsche BankTerm of officePrevious experience(s)PartyPaul Iwan Hogguer1814 1816IndependentJan Hodshon1816 1827IndependentJaques Teysset1827 1828IndependentJacob Fock1828 1835Independent Willem Mogge Muilman1835 1844IndependentAbraham Fock1844 1858IndependentHendrik Croockewit1858 1863IndependentWillem Mees1863 1884Independent Nicolaas Pierson1885 1891Liberal Union Norbertus van den Berg1891 1912Independent Gerard Vissering1912 1931Independent Leonardus Trip1931–1941Independent Meinoud Rost van Tonningen1941 1945National Socialist Movement Leonardus Trip1945–1946Independent Dr. Marius Holtrop (1902–1988) 1 May 1946 – 1 May 1967 (21 years, 0 days) IndependentDr. Jelle Zijlstra (1918–2001)1 May 1967 – 1 January 1982 (14 years, 120 days)Minister of Economic Affairs (1952–1959) Minister of Finance (1958–1963) (1966–1967) Prime Minister (1966–1967) Anti Revolutionary Party (1967–1980) Christian Democratic Appeal (1980–1982) Dr. Wim Duisenberg (1935–2005) 1 January 1982 – 1 July 1997 (15 years, 151 days) Minister of Finance (1973–1977) Labour Party Dr. Nout Wellink (born 1943) 1 July 1997 – 1 July 2011 (14 years, 0 days) Treasurer–General (1977–1981) Christian Democratic Appeal Dr. Klaas Knot (born 1967) 1 July 2011 – Incumbent Independent