Персеидтер шашуы: жылдық метеор ағыны

Prolific meteor shower associated with the comet Swift Tuttle

The shower is visible from mid July each year, with the peak in activity between 9 and 14 August, depending on the particular location of the stream. During the peak, the rate of meteors reaches 60 or more per hour. They can be seen all across the sky; however, because of the shower's radiant in the constellation of Perseus, the Perseids are primarily visible in the Northern Hemisphere. As with many meteor showers the visible rate is greatest in the pre dawn hours, since more meteoroids are scooped up by the side of the Earth moving forward into the stream, corresponding to local times between midnight and noon, as can be seen in the accompanying diagram. While many meteors arrive between dawn and noon, they are usually not visible due to daylight. Some can also be seen before midnight, often grazing the Earth's atmosphere to produce long bright trails and sometimes fireballs. Most Perseids burn up in the atmosphere while at heights above The New Moon is on Aug 16. |
|style="text align:center;|2022
|style="text align:center;|July 17 – Aug 24
|August 12–13 (full moon on Aug 12)
|
|style="text align:center;"|2020
|style="text align:center;"|July 16 – August 23
|August 12–13 (ZHRmax 100) (full moon on Aug 3) (ZHRmax 80) (full moon on Aug 15)
|
|style="text align:center;"|2018
|style="text align:center;"|July 17 – August 24
|August 11–13 (ZHRmax 60)
|
|style="text align:center;"|2017
|style="text align:center;"|July 17 – August 24
|August 12
|
|style="text align:center;"|2016
|style="text align:center;"|July 17 – August 24
|August 11–12 (ZHRmax 150)
|
| style="text align:center;"|2015
| style="text align:center;"|July 17 – August 24
|August 12–13 (ZHRmax 95) (new moon on Aug 14)
|
| style="text align:center;"|2014
| style="text align:center;"|July 17 – August 24
|August 13 (ZHRmax 68) (full moon on Aug 10)
|
| style="text align:center;"|2013
| style="text align:center;"|July 17 – August 24
|August 12 (ZHRmax 109)
|
| style="text align:center;"|2012
| style="text align:center;"|July 17 – August 24
|August 12 (ZHRmax 122)
|
| style="text align:center;"|2011
| style="text align:center;"|July 17 – August 24
|August 12 (ZHRmax 58) (full moon on Aug 13)
|
| style="text align:center;"|2010
| style="text align:center;"|July 23 – August 24
|August 12 (ZHRmax 142)
|
| style="text align:center;"|2009
| style="text align:center;"|July 14 – August 24
|August 13 (ZHRmax 173) (The estimated peak was 173, but a gibbous Moon washed out fainter meteors.) |
| style="text align:center;"|2008
| style="text align:center;"|July 25 – August 24
| August 13 (ZHRmax 116)
| August 13 (ZHRmax 93)
|
| style="text align:center;"|2005
|
| August 12 (ZHR max 90)
|
| style="text align:center;"|2004
| style="text align:center;"|
| August 12 (ZHRmax >200)
|
| style="text align:center;"|1993
| style="text align:center;"|
| (ZHRmax 200–500)
|
| style="text align:center;"|1883
| style="text align:center;"|August 9 or earlier
|
| style="text align:center;"|1864
| style="text align:center;"|
| (ZHRmax >100) The saint is said to have been burned alive on a gridiron. His manner of death is almost certainly the origin of the Mediterranean folk legend claiming that the shooting stars are the sparks of Saint Lawrence's martyrdom. The legend holds that during the night of August 9 to 10, cooled embers appear in the ground under plants; these embers are known as the "coal of Saint Lawrence." The transition in favor of the Catholic saint and his feast day on August 10 and away from pagan gods and their festivals, known as Christianization, was facilitated by the phonetic assonance of the Latin name Laurentius with Larentia. In 1836 Adolphe Quetelet wrote: J'ai cru remarquer aussi une fréquence plus grande de ces météores au mois d'août (du 8 au 15) "I think I noticed also a greater frequency of these meteors in the month of August (from 8 to 15)." After studying historical records, he predicted a peak on 10 August. He then wrote to other astronomers, who confirmed this prediction on the night of 10 August 1837. Quetelet missed the shower due to bad weather. In 1866, after the perihelion passage of Swift Tuttle in 1862, the Italian astronomer Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli discovered the link between meteor showers and comets. John Denver's song Rocky Mountain High references the showers with the lyric, "I've seen it raining fire in the sky."

Littman, Mark, The Heavens on Fire: The Great Leonid Meteor Storms, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998. Chapter 6, "The Discovery of the August Meteors", pp. 83–100.