Нортроп Корпорациясы: Американдық ұшақ құрастырушысының тарихы

American aircraft manufacturer (1939–1994)

Northrop Corporation was an American aircraft manufacturer from its formation in 1939 until its 1994 merger with Grumman to form Northrop Grumman. The company is known for its development of the flying wing design, most successfully the B 2 Spirit stealth bomber.

Jack Northrop founded 3 companies using his name. The first was the Avion Corporation in 1928, which was absorbed in 1929 by the United Aircraft and Transport Corporation as a subsidiary named "Northrop Aircraft Corporation" (and later became part of Boeing). The parent company moved its operations to Kansas in 1931, and so Jack, along with Donald Douglas, established a "Northrop Corporation" located in El Segundo, California, which produced several successful designs, including the Northrop Gamma and Northrop Delta. However, labor difficulties led to the dissolution of the corporation by Douglas in 1937, and the plant became the El Segundo Division of Douglas Aircraft. Northrop still sought his own company, and so in 1939 he established the "Northrop Corporation" in nearby Hawthorne, California, a site located by co founder Moye Stephens. The corporation ranked 100th among United States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts. It was there that the P 61 Black Widow night fighter, the B 35 and YB 49 experimental flying wing bombers, the F 89 Scorpion interceptor, the SM 62 Snark intercontinental cruise missile, and the F 5 Freedom Fighter economical jet fighter (and its derivative, the successful T 38 Talon trainer) were developed and built. Based on the experimentation with flying wings the company developed the B 2 Spirit stealth bomber of the 1990s. In 1994, partly due to the loss of the Advanced Tactical Fighter contract to Lockheed Corporation and the removal of their proposal from consideration for the Joint Strike Fighter competition, the company bought Grumman to form Northrop Grumman.