Тrier қаласы: Германияның ең көне қаласының тарихы мен географиясы

City in Rhineland Palatinate, Germany

Trier (/t//r//ɪər/ TREER, ; ), formerly and traditionally known in English as Trèves (/t//r//ɛ//v/ TREV, tʁɛv) and Triers (see also names in other languages), is a city on the banks of the Moselle in Germany. It lies in a valley between low vine covered hills of red sandstone in the west of the state of Rhineland Palatinate, near the border with Luxembourg and within the important Moselle wine region. Founded by the Romans in the late 1st century BC as Augusta Treverorum ("The City of Augustus among the Treveri"), Trier is considered Germany's oldest city. It is also the oldest seat of a bishop north of the Alps. Trier was one of the four capitals of the Roman Empire during the Tetrarchy period in the late 3rd and early 4th centuries. With an approximate population of 110,000, Trier is the fourth largest city in its state, after Mainz, Ludwigshafen, and Koblenz. The nearest major cities are Luxembourg City ( to the southwest), Saarbrücken ( southeast), and Koblenz ( northeast). The University of Trier, the administration of the Trier Saarburg district and the seat of the ADD (Aufsichts und Dienstleistungsdirektion), which until 1999 was the borough authority of Trier, and the Academy of European Law (ERA) are all based in Trier. It is one of the five "central places" of the state of Rhineland Palatinate. Along with Luxembourg, Metz and Saarbrücken, fellow constituent members of the QuattroPole union of cities, it is central to the greater region encompassing Saar Lor Lux (Saarland, Lorraine and Luxembourg), Rhineland Palatinate, and Wallonia.

Trier has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb), but with greater extremes than the marine versions of northern Germany. Summers are warm except in unusual heat waves and winters are recurrently cold, but not harsh. Precipitation is high despite not being on the coast. As a result of the European heat wave in 2003, the highest temperature recorded was 39 °C on 8 August of that year. On 25 July 2019, a record breaking temperature of 40.6 °C was recorded. The lowest recorded temperature was −19.3 °C on February 2, 1956.

Trier is home to the University of Trier, founded in 1473, closed in 1796 and restarted in 1970. The city also has the Trier University of Applied Sciences. The Academy of European Law (ERA) was established in 1992 and provides training in European law to legal practitioners. In 2010 there were about 40 Kindergärten, 25 primary schools and 23 secondary schools in Trier, such as the Humboldt Gymnasium Trier, Max Planck Gymnasium, Auguste Viktoria Gymnasium, Angela Merici Gymnasium, Friedrich Wilhelm Gymnasium and the Nelson Mandela Realschule Plus, Kurfürst Balduin Realschule Plus, Realschule Plus Ehrang.

Until 2014, Trier was home to Germany's largest Roman festival, Brot und Spiele (German for Bread and Games – a translation of the famous Latin phrase panem et circenses from the satires of Juvenal). Trier has been the base for the German round of the World Rally Championship since 2002, with the rally's presentation held next to the Porta Nigra. Trier holds a Christmas street festival every year called the Trier Christmas Market on the Hauptmarkt (Main Market Square) and the Domfreihof in front of the Cathedral of Trier. The Olewiger Weinfest is an annual wine festival held in the village of Olewig, just outside of Trier, Germany. The festival takes place over three days, typically in August, and features a wide variety of activities, including wine tastings, live music and food stalls.

Trier has a municipal theatre, Theater Trier, for musical theatre, plays and dance.

Trier station has direct railway connections to many cities in the region. The nearest cities by train are Cologne, Saarbrücken and Luxembourg. Via the motorways A 1, A 48 and A 64 Trier is linked with Koblenz, Saarbrücken and Luxembourg. The nearest commercial (international) airports are in Luxembourg (0:40 h by car), Frankfurt Hahn (1:00 h), Saarbrücken (1:00 h), Frankfurt (2:00 h) and Cologne/Bonn (2:00 h). The Moselle is an important waterway and is also used for river cruises. A new passenger railway service on the western side of the Mosel is scheduled to open in December 2018.

Trier is a fellow member of the QuattroPole union of cities, along with Luxembourg, Saarbrücken and Metz (neighbouring countries: Luxembourg and France).

New Trier Township, Illinois, US, originally settled by people from Trier. New Trier, Minnesota, US, settled by people from Trier about 1856. New Trier High School, an Illinois school named after Trier.