Хлорметан: қасиеттері, қолданылуы және табиғатта кездесуі

Chemical compound formerly used as a refrigerant
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| verifiedrevid = 411542354
| ImageFile = Natta projection of chloromethane. svg
| ImageFile Ref =
| ImageSize = 100
| ImageName = Stereo, skeletal formula of chloromethane with all explicit hydrogens added
| ImageFileL1 = Chloromethane 3D balls. png
| ImageFileL1 Ref =
| ImageNameL1 = Ball and stick model of chloromethane
| ImageFileR1 = Chloromethane 3D vdW. png
| ImageFileR1 Ref =
| ImageNameR1 = Spacefill model of chloromethane
| PIN = Chloromethane
| OtherNames = unbulleted list|Refrigerant 40|R 40 |Methyl chloride
| IDLH = Ca [2000 ppm]
| LCLo = 20,000 ppm (guinea pig, 2 hr)14,661 ppm (dog, 6 hr)

Laboratory cultures of marine phytoplankton (Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Phaeocystis sp., Thalassiosira weissflogii, Chaetoceros calcitrans, Isochrysis sp., Porphyridium sp., Synechococcus sp., Tetraselmis sp., Prorocentrum sp., and Emiliana huxleyi) produce CH3Cl, but in relatively insignificant amounts. An extensive study of 30 species of polar macroalgae revealed the release of significant amounts of CH3Cl in only Gigartina skottsbergii and Gymnogongrus antarcticus.

The salt marsh plant Batis maritima contains the enzyme methyl chloride transferase that catalyzes the synthesis of CH3Cl from S adenosine L methionine and chloride. This protein has been purified and expressed in E. coli, and seems to be present in other organisms such as white rot fungi (Phellinus pomaceus), red algae (Endocladia muricata), and the ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum), each of which is a known CH3Cl producer.

In the sugarcane industry, the organic waste is usually burned in the power cogeneration process. When contaminated by chloride, this waste burns, releasing methyl chloride in the atmosphere.

Chloromethane has been detected in the low mass Class 0 protostellar binary, IRAS 16293–2422, using the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). It was also detected in the comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (67P/C G) using the Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) instrument on the Rosetta spacecraft. The detections reveal that chloromethane can be formed in star forming regions before planets or life is formed.

Large scale use of chloromethane is for the production of dimethyldichlorosilane and related organosilicon compounds. Chloromethane was also once used for producing lead based gasoline additives (tetramethyllead).

Inhalation of chloromethane gas produces central nervous system effects similar to alcohol intoxication. The TLV is 50 ppm and the MAC is the same. Prolonged exposure may have mutagenic effects.