Исландиядағы Гейсир гейзері

Geyser in Iceland

Geysir , sometimes known as The Great Geysir, is a geyser in south western Iceland, that geological studies suggest started forming about 1150 CE. The English word geyser (a periodically spouting hot spring) derives from Geysir. The name Geysir itself is derived from the Icelandic verb geysa ("to go quickly forward"). as a mention in Gesta Danorum, his work finished about 1206 which was printed in 1514 as Danorum Regum heroumque Historiae. However the oldest definitive accounts of the hot springs at Haukadalur in their present form, date back to 1294, in the chronicle “Oddaverjaannáll”, when earthquakes in the area caused significant changes in local neighbouring landscape, creating several new hot springs. Changes in the activity of Geysir and the surrounding geysers are strongly related to earthquake activity. In records dated 1630, the geysers erupted so violently that the valley around them trembled. The name "Geysir" was first mentioned in written sources in 1647; as unusual natural phenomena were of great interest during the Age of Enlightenment, the term became popular and has been used for similar hydrothermal features worldwide since then. In 1809 and 1810 the eruptions were about every 30 hours and up to high. but stopped all activity around 1908. Initially, Geysir eruptions were taking place on average eight times a day. By July 2003, this activity had again decreased to around three times per day. Large eruptions after this became so rare that one in 2016 was considered newsworthy.

A current geological definition of a hot water geyser is " a hot spring characterized by intermittent discharge of water ejected turbulently and accompanied by a vapor phase" which is a technical correction on historic definitions that mentions steam and a column in air.

Until 1894, the Geysir area was owned by a local farmers. In that year the area was sold to James Craig (later Lord Craigavon), a whiskey distiller from Ulster and a future Prime Minister of Northern Ireland. Initially, he erected large fences around the site and an entrance fee was charged for visitors wishing to view the geysers. The following year, he gave the area as a present to a friend, E. Craig, who dropped the entrance fees. Later Craig's nephew Hugh Rogers inherited the site. In 1935, he sold the site to film director Sigurður Jónasson who subsequently donated it to the Icelandic people in perpetuity, although full public ownership of all routes of access did not take place until 2017.