Сан-Франциско архиепархиясының тарихы

Latin Church ecclesiastical territory of the Catholic Church in northern California
the Diocese in Argentina

The Archdiocese of San Francisco (Latin: Archdiœcesis Sancti Francisci; Spanish: Archidiócesis de San Francisco) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the northern California region of the United States. The Archdiocese of San Francisco was erected on July 29, 1853, by Pope Pius IX and its cathedral is the Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption.

The first church in the Archdiocese of San Francisco is older than the archdiocese itself; Mission San Francisco de Asís (Mission Dolores) was founded in 1776, by Franciscan Friars. The friars built the current mission building in 1791. St. Francis of Assisi Parish was founded in San Francisco in 1849 and St. Patrick in the same city in 1851. In 1850, the Province of the Most Holy Name of Jesus, the western province for the Dominican Order in the United States, was established in San Francisco.

In 1853, the Vatican erected the Archdiocese of San Francisco. Its jurisdiction extended to northern and central California, along with present day Nevada and Utah. Pope Pius IX named Bishop Joseph Sadoc Alemany of Monterey as the first archbishop of San Francisco. Old St. Mary's Cathedral on California Street was dedicated in 1854. In 1855, the Society of Jesus founded St. Ignatius Academy in San Francisco, the forerunner of the University of San Francisco. Alemany founded Saint Mary's College in Moraga in 1863, then turned its operation over to the De La Salle Christian Brothers in 1868. As archbishop of San Francisco, Alemany presided over a multinational archdiocese, owing to the influx of people to California during the California Gold Rush. He established parishes for the city's Italian, Irish, French, German and Mexican communities. In 1883, Bishop Patrick Riordan from the Diocese of Chicago was appointed as coadjutor archbishop by Pope Leo XIII to assist Alemany. In May 1883 Alemany purchased land in San Francisco for a larger cathedral to serve the growing Catholic population. When Alemany retired in 1884, Riordan automatically succeeded him as archbishop. In 1884, Riordan's first full year in San Francisco, the archdiocese contained 175 priests, 128 churches, and 25 chapels and stations to serve a Catholic population of 200,000. Riordan laid the cornerstone in 1887 and dedicated the new Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption in 1891.

In early 1894, Riordan protested against the use of Outlines of Mediæval and Modern History by Philip van Ness Myers in San Francisco's public schools. He denounced the book as anti Catholic and declared that it was "utterly unfit for use in a school patronized by children of various creeds." In April 1894, the San Francisco Board of Education ruled that the book would still be used but allowed teachers to omit any passages that might "appear in any way to favor or to reflect on the particular doctrines or tenets of any religious sect." In 1906, the San Francisco earthquake caused $2 to $6 million in damages to over 12 churches and other institutions in the archdiocese. Riordan celebrated open air Masses for his displaced parishioners, who were living amidst the ruins in temporary shelters, and assured them, "We shall rebuild." Riordan temporarily moved in San Mateo, allowing the Presentation Sisters, who had lost their convent, to use the archbishop's residence. Every church that had been destroyed had a temporary structure within two years and was rebuilt within another eight years. Many of the new parishes under his administration were established for immigrant communities. The rebuilding of the Mission Dolores Church after its destruction in the 1906 earthquake was completed in 1918. In 1921, Hanna was named chairman of San Francisco's wage arbitration boards; Hanna served on the boards through 1924. Hanna was key to the 1924 opening of St. Joseph's Seminary in Mountain View. In 1932, Pope Pius XI appointed Bishop John Mitty of the Diocese of Salt Lake as coadjutor archbishop to assist Hanna. Hanna was appointed in 1933 as the chairman of a state mediation board to resolve the cotton strike in Corcoran. During the 1934 West Coast waterfront strike, President Franklin Roosevelt named Hanna the chairman of the National Longshoremen's Board. The board was tasked with resolving the strike by mediating between the International Longshoremen's Association, the International Seamen's Union, and their employers. He purchased St. Mary's College of California from the De La Salle Christian Brothers in 1937, and reopened it in 1938. In the twenty six years of his episcopate, 84 parishes and missions were founded in the archdiocese, and over 500 building projects were completed. Mitty caused controversy in 1944 when he called for a boycott of the San Francisco News. The newspaper had reported on the DWI arrest of one of his priests; Mitty called the coverage anti Catholic. In 1952, the Vatican elected the Mission Dolores Church to a basilica. Mitty died in 1961.

Pope John XXIII named Bishop Joseph McGucken from the Diocese of Sacramento as the next archbishop of San Francisco in 1962. That same year, an arson fire destroyed the Cathedral of St. Mary of the Assumption. The cornerstone for the new cathedral was laid in 1967 and the building was completed in 1970. In 1968, McGucken became embroiled in a controversy with Eugene Boyle, a progressive diocesan priest with ties to the Black Panther Party. The group had set up, with Boyle's permission, their Free Breakfast programme at Sacred Heart School for primary school children in the archdiocese. Word soon came out that the Black Panthers were distributing a coloring book at the school that advocated violence against police officers. Boyle said that when he learned about the book, he blocked its distribution. To appease public outrage over Boyle's defense of the Black Panthers, McGucken cancelled a yearly seminar that Boyle would deliver. Facing intense accusations of racial bias from parts of the public, McGucken asked the San Francisco priest's senate to review his decision. In December 1968, the senate ruled that McGucken should reinstate Boyle's seminar, but also denied that McGucken had made his decision on racial grounds. After McGucken retired in 1977, Pope Paul VI named Archbishop John R. Quinn of the Archdiocese of Oklahoma City as the next archbishop of San Francisco. In 1981, at Quinn's request, the Vatican erected the Diocese of San Jose, taking its territory from the archdiocese.

Quinn reached out to gay Catholics in the archdiocese as early as 1983. He issued a document that asked priests to take concerns of gay people seriously. In it, he said he wanted gay Catholics to find "a church where he or she will find acceptance, understanding, and love." Priests were reminded in the letter that many gay Catholics saw their orientation as a positive. He supported the efforts of Most Holy Redeemer Church in the Castro district in their efforts to reach out to the LGBTQ+ population of the neighborhood. Quinn regularly visited this parish, especially during the annual 40 Hours Vigil held throughout the 1980s in support of those who were HIV positive and their caregivers. In 1985, Quinn initiated the Catholic Church's first institutional response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. When Pope John Paul II visited San Francisco in 1987, Quinn arranged for him to meet with several HIV/AIDS patients, including a young boy. The damage caused by the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake prompted the archdiocese to close a dozen parishes with severely damaged buildings. This plan drew the wrath of many priests, 41 of whom signed a dissenting petition. Quinn sold the former archiepiscopal residence and in 1992 moved into the cathedral rectory, where he lived with fellow clergy until his retirement. In August 1995, Archbishop William Levada from the Archdiocese of Portland was appointed coadjutor archbishop of San Francisco by John Paul II to assist Quinn. When Quinn retired in December 1995, Levada automatically succeeded him as archbishop of San Francisco. In 1996, Patrick O'Shea, a former advisor to Quinn, was charged with embezzling over $260,000 in donations from the archdiocese. In 2004, O'Shea pleaded guilty and was sentenced to time served in prison for molestation charges and ordered to pay $187,000 back to the archdiocese. In 2005, Pope Benedict XVI named Levada as prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in Rome. To replace Levada in San Francisco, the pope named Bishop George Niederauer of Salt Lake City.

In 2012, Benedict XVI appointed Bishop Salvatore J. Cordileone from the Diocese of Oakland as the next archbishop of San Francisco, replacing the retired Niederauer. In February 2015, Cordileone told teachers in the archdiocesan school system that they were expected to conduct their public lives in a way that does not undermine or deny the church's doctrine. Democratic California State Assemblymen Phil Ting of San Francisco and Kevin Mullin of San Mateo sent a letter to Cordileone urging him to withdraw what they called "discriminatory morality clauses". The letter was signed lawmakers from each community in the archdiocese with a Catholic high school. Cordileone responded, saying he "respects the lawmakers' right to hire whoever may advance their mission and that he is asking for the same respect". In April 2015, more than 100 Catholic donors and church members from the Bay Area signed a full page advertisement in the San Francisco Chronicle appealing to Pope Francis to replace Cordileone. The signers objected to Cordileone's characterization of extramarital sex and LBGTQ+ relationships as "gravely evil", saying that Cordileone fostered "an atmosphere of division and intolerance". The archdiocese responded that the advertisement was a "misrepresentation of the spirit of the archbishop" and that it was also a misrepresentation to suggest that the signers spoke for the entire Catholic community in the Bay Area. The archdiocese claimed to have received over 7,500 letters of support. A subsequent picnic set up to show support for Cordileone was held in May 2015 in San Francisco. In April 2022, Cordileone warned Nancy Pelosi, the Speaker of the U. S. House of Representatives and a San Francisco resident, that he would prohibit her from receiving Holy Communion unless she repudiated her promotion of abortion rights. In May 2022, Cordileone notified her and publicly announced that he took that action. Pope Francis erected the Archdiocese of Las Vegas in May 2023, suppressing the Diocese of Las Vegas that had been a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of San Francisco. The dioceses of Reno and Salt Lake City then became suffragan dioceses of the new archdiocese. As of 2023, Cordileone is the archbishop of San Francisco.

Reverend Patrick O'Shea was defrocked in 1994 after numerous men accused him of sexually abusing them as boys. O'Shea had operated the altar server program at Mission Dolores in the 1960s. He was convicted in 1995 of sexually molesting 13 boys. After serving two years in prison, O'Shea was released in 2002 after all the molestation charges were overturned in an appeals court. The archdiocese in 2005 agreed to a $4 million legal settlement for O'Shea's victims. In a 2006 court deposition, it was revealed that in 1992 Bishop Levada had removed Reverend Joseph Baccellieri from ministry after hearing allegations that he had sexually molested three boys during the 1970s. Levada sent Baccellieri away for treatment and in 1995 assigned him to a new parish, with monitoring and numerous restrictions. At no point did Levada notify Baccellieri's former parish or report him to law enforcement. Levada defended his actions in the deposition, saying he had made the right decision. In 2018, the archdiocese reported that had spent $87 million in settling sexual abuse lawsuits since 2005. Archbishop Cordileone said that there were no new allegations dating after 2000. In 2019, the archdiocese provided documents to California State Attorney Xavier Becerra in preparation for lawsuits after the statute of limitations was temporarily removed in 2020. Due to these claims, the archdiocese announced that bankruptcy was highly likely in August 2022. In 2022, Cordileone released a list of 312 clergy with credible accusations of sexual abuse of minors, going back 100 years. In August 2023, the archdiocese filed a petition under Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code in the San Francisco County Superior Court after it officially confirmed it was declared broke, and could no longer afford any cash to pay off the estimated 500 sex abuse lawsuits.

All full time faculty, librarians, and counselors at Archbishop Riordan, Junipero Serra, Marin Catholic, and Sacred Heart Cathedral high schools are represented by The San Francisco Archdiocesan Federation of Teachers, Local 2240, a labor union affiliate of the California Federation of Teachers (AFT, AFL–CIO), and have a collective bargaining agreement with the Archdiocese of San Francisco. The CBA governs the terms of their employment.

Fraternity of Communion and Liberation (CL). CL is an ecclesial association of Pontifical Right. Meetings are held weekly at St. Thomas More Church and the National Shrine of Saint Francis of Assisi.