Сан-Францисконың Койт мұнарасы және суреттері

Coit Tower (also known as the Coit Memorial Tower) is a 210 feet (64 m) tower in the Telegraph Hill neighborhood of San Francisco, California, overlooking the city and San Francisco Bay. The tower, in the city's Pioneer Park, was built between 1932 and 1933 using Lillie Hitchcock Coit's bequest to beautify the city of San Francisco. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 29, 2008. A concrete relief of a phoenix by sculptor Robert Boardman Howard is placed above the main entrance. It was commissioned by the architect and cast as part of the building. Although an apocryphal story claims that the tower was designed to resemble a fire hose nozzle due to Coit's affinity with the San Francisco firefighters of the day, the resemblance is coincidental.

Brown's competition design envisioned a restaurant in the tower, which was changed to an exhibition area in the final version. The design uses three nesting concrete cylinders, the outermost a tapering fluted 180 feet (55 m) shaft that supports the viewing platform. An intermediate shaft contains a stairway, and an inner shaft houses the elevator. The observation deck is 32 feet (10 m) below the top, with an arcade and skylights above it. A rotunda at the base houses display space and a gift shop.

+Coit Tower rotunda layout and murals No. Thumbnail Name Artist Size (H×W) Notes Refs. Rotunda murals 1 a Animal Force Ray Boynton (aggregate) First mural visible as visitors enter the rotunda; left and right panels are separated by "Old Man Weather" over the entrance to the elevator lobby. Animal Force has an alcove with a bronze plaque and commemorative dates; this panel depicts the use of animals in agriculture. Machine Force shows construction, transportation, and power production machines. b Machine Force 2 California Industrial Scenes John Langley Howard Industrial scenes, including construction, oil recovery, and mining; ironic points include use of hand tools and a broken down car. 3 Railroad and Shipping William Hesthal Train and ship, used to transport goods; a narrow window interrupts the center of the panel. 4 a Steelworker Clifford Wight (each) Straddles windows on the west wall; originally linked by a bridge with controversial symbols depicting capitalism and communism, but these elements were removed before 1934. b Surveyor 5 Industries of California Ralph Stackpole Industrial scenes, including food production and a chemical laboratory. Depicts several artists, including Tom Lehman (pouring chemicals), William Hesthal (bending over table in checked shirt), and Helen Clement Mills (part of packing crew). 6 Newsgathering Suzanne Scheuer and Hebe Daum Newspaper offices; the window ledge has a replica of the front page of the San Francisco Chronicle, celebrating the completion of the murals. 7 Library Bernard Zakheim Public library; individual portraits depict numerous artists, family, and friends alongside current news topics. 8 a Scientist Inventor Harold Mallette Dean (each) Straddles windows on the south wall; stockbroker may depict Amadeo Giannini, while scientist stands in front of Lick Observatory. b Stockbroker 9 City Life Victor Arnautoff Depicts busy street scenes in the Financial District of San Francisco, based on the corner of Montgomery and Washington. 10 Banking and Law George Albert Harris Depicts Federal Reserve Bank, Stock Exchange, and a law library. 11 Department Store Frede Vidar Contemporary department store interior, including soda fountain. 12 a Cowboy Clifford Wight (each) Straddles windows on the east wall; farmer may depict Ralph Stackpole while cowboy may depict Wight. 14 Meat Industry Ray Bertrand Slaughterhouse and meat packing operations. 15 California Agricultural Industry Gordon Langdon and Helen Clement Mills Dairy and timber industries. 20 Power Frederick Olmsted Jr. Transition piece flanked by industrial scenes, over rotunda entrance Elevator lobby murals 16 San Francisco Bay Otis Oldfield Oil on canvas, depicts view from Telegraph Hill towards Berkeley. 17 San Francisco Bay, North Jose Moya del Pino Oil on canvas, depicts view from Telegraph Hill towards Marin County, including Alcatraz Island. 18 a Bay Area Hills Rinaldo Cuneo (each) Depicts agricultural scenes from the Santa Clara Valley and Berkeley Hills. b 19 a Bay Area Map Otis Oldfield (each) Installed in lunette spaces over doorways in elevator lobby. Upper level murals 22 Collegiate Sports Parker Hall Includes depiction of The Big Game between California and Stanford 23 Sports Edward Terada Leisure sports, including golf and polo 24 Children at Play Ralph Chesse Playground 25 Hunting in California Edith Hamlin Ducks and deer 26 Outdoor Life Ben F. Cunningham Picnickers, bathers, photographers, hikers 27 Home Life Jane Berlandina In a separate room, shows typical home life activities, including contract bridge, baking, music making, and newspaper reading

The Coit Tower murals in the American Social Realism style formed the pilot project of the Public Works of Art Project, Victor Arnautoff, Jane Berlandina, Ray Bertrand, Ray Boynton, Ralph Chessé, Rinaldo Cuneo, Ben F. Cunningham, Mallette "Harold" Dean, Parker Hall, George Albert Harris, William Hesthal, John Langley Howard, Lucien Labaudt, Gordon Langdon, Jose Moya del Pino Otis Oldfield, Frederick Olmsted Jr., Suzanne Scheuer, Edward Terada, Frede Vidar, and Clifford Wight. Many were faculty and students of the California School of Fine Arts (CSFA). These artists (chosen by Walter Heil, director of the de Young Museum, together with other officials) were each paid $25 to $45 per week to depict "aspects of life in California." The most well known of them were assigned sections that were in size, while less famous artists were confined to including the creating of the murals. (Bernard Zakheim, Library )
|File:Newsgathering by Suzanne Scheuer, detail Coit Tower, San Francisco, CA DSC04812. jpg
|Painted San Francisco Chronicle front page celebrates mural completion, April 1934. (Suzanne Scheuer, Newsgathering )

The artists were committed in varying degrees to racial equality and to leftist and Marxist political ideas, which are strongly expressed in the paintings. Bernard Zakheim's mural Library depicts fellow artist John Langley Howard crumpling a newspaper in his left hand as he reaches for a shelved copy of Karl Marx's Das Kapital (here spelled as Das Capital) with his right. Workers of all races are shown as equals, often in the heroic poses of Socialist realism, while well dressed racially white members of the capitalist classes enjoy the fruit of their labor. Victor Arnautoff's City Life includes the periodicals The New Masses and The Daily Worker in the scene's news stand rack. John Langley Howard's mural California Industrial Scenes depicts an ethnically diverse Labor March as well as showing a destitute family panning for gold while a wealthy, heavily caricatured ensemble observes. Stackpole's Industries of California was composed along the same lines as an early study of the destroyed Man at the Crossroads. The youngest of the muralists, George Albert Harris, painted a mural called Banking and Law In the mural, the world of finance is represented by the Federal Reserve Bank and a stock market ticker (in which stocks are shown as declining) and law is illustrated by a law library. Some of the book titles that appear in the law library, such as Civil, Penal, and Moral Codes, are legitimate, while others list fellow muralists as authors, in a joking or derogatory manner. After Diego Rivera's Man at the Crossroads mural was destroyed by its Rockefeller Center patrons for the inclusion of an image of Lenin, the Coit Tower muralists protested, picketing the tower. Sympathy for Rivera led some artists to incorporate references to the Rivera incident; in Zakheim's Library panel , Stackpole is painted reading a newspaper headline announcing the destruction of Rivera's mural. above a crowd of workers. and again in 2014 through cleaning and touching up scratches, the murals in the spiral stairway exit to the observation platform (Powell Street by Lucien Labaudt) were not restored but durably painted over with epoxy surfacing. Most of the murals are open for public viewing without charge during open hours, although there are ongoing negotiations by the Recreation and Parks Department of San Francisco to begin charging visitors a fee to enter the mural rotunda. The murals in the spiral stairway and second floor, normally closed to the public, are open for viewing through tours. Labaudt's Powell Street runs along both sides of the spiral staircase; the second floor murals all carry recreational themes. Since 2004 artist Ben Wood collaborated with other artists on large scale video projections onto the exterior of Coit Tower, in 2004, 2006, 2008 & 2009.

The tower, which stands atop Telegraph Hill in San Francisco's Pioneer Park, offers panoramic views of San Francisco that take in "crooked" Lombard Street, Nob Hill, Russian Hill, Twin Peaks, Aquatic Park, Pier 39, the Financial District and the Ferry Building, as well as San Francisco Bay itself including Angel Island, Alcatraz, Treasure Island, and the Golden Gate and Bay Bridges.