Патрицид, матрицид и родственное убийство: обзор и причины.

The act of intentionally killing one's parent/s

Parricide refers to the deliberate killing of one's own father and mother, spouse (husband or wife), children, and/or close relative. However, the term is sometimes used more generally to refer to the intentional killing of a near relative. It is an umbrella term that can be used to refer to acts of matricide and patricide. Matricide refers to the deliberate killing of one's own mother. Patricide refers to the deliberate killing of one's own father. The term parricide is also used to refer to many familicides (i. e. family annihilations wherein at least one parent is murdered along with other family members). Societies consider parricide a serious crime and parricide offenders are subject to criminal prosecution under the homicide laws which are established in places (i. e. countries, states, etc.) in which parricides occur. According to the law, in most countries, an adult who is convicted of parricide faces a long term prison sentence, a life sentence, or even capital punishment. Youthful parricide offenders who are younger than the age of majority (e. g. 18 year olds in the United States) may be prosecuted under less stringent laws which are designed to take their special needs and development into account but these laws are usually waived and as a result, most youthful parricide offenders are transferred into the Adult Judicial System. Parricide offenders are typically divided into two categories, 1) youthful parricide offenders (i. e. ages 8–24) and 2) adult parricide offenders (i. e. ages 25 and older) because the motivations and situations surrounding parricide events change as a child matures.

As per the Parricide Prevention Institute, approximately 2–3% of all U. S. murders were parricides each year since 2010. The more than 300 parricides occurring in just the U. S. each year means there are 6 or more parricide events, on average, each week. This estimate does not include the murders of grandparents or stepparents by a child – only the murders of their natal or legally adoptive parents.

Youthful parricide is motivated by a variety of factors. Current research conducted by the Parricide Prevention Institute indicates the top five motives causing a child (aged 8–24 years old) to commit parricide are: In a study published by Weisman et al. (2002), they noted there was a remarkable absence of child abuse and emphatically stated that their research did not statistically validate the generalization that prior child abuse had prompted the majority of these crimes. In 2006 Marleau et al. noted that in their study only 25% of all study participants had been subjected to any kind of family violence; refuting the generalization that child abuse is the primary motivator for parricide by youthful offenders. They called for more research on the alleged connection between child abuse and parricidal acts. Bourget et al. (2007) noted many shortcomings in the extant literature and suggested alternative causes of parricide rather than accepting a general notion that child abuse was the primary cause of parricide by youthful offenders. In their commentary on methodological problems plaguing parricide research, Hillbrand and Cipriano (2007) noted the challenges posed by studies on parricide; acknowledging that most studies utilized very small sample sizes that should not have been generalized. This call for more research was answered by a study in 2019 when the study by Thompson and Thompson statistically invalidated the general theory that most adolescent parricides were the result of abuse of the child at the hands of the parents who had been murdered. Their research (N = 754) revealed that only 15% of youthful parricide offenders alleged abuse at the hands of the parent/s they had killed. A full 66% were not abused, did not allege abuse and were not perpetrators of abuse. Sarah Marie Johnson was the only female to kill both of her parents without the help of an accomplice in 2003. Thomas Bartlett Whitaker killed his mother and his brother (and tried to kill his father but failed) in 2003. Tyler Hadley killed both of his parents on July 16, 2011. Adam Lanza killed his mother before committing the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in 2012. Dellen Millard killed his father in 2012 and inherited millions. He and his friend Mark Smich worked together as serial killers both before and after the murder; murdering Laura Babcock and Tim Bosma. Henry Chau Hoi leung killed and dismembered his parents in 2013. Robert and Michael Bever killed their parents and 3 siblings in 2015. Joel Michael Guy Jr. killed and dismembered both of his parents on the Saturday after Thanksgiving in 2016. Chandler Halderson killed and dismembered both of his parents on July 1, 2021. A 19 year old Japanese man in Tosu, Saga Prefecture, killed his parents by stabbing them with a knife in the neck on March 9, 2023. David Kozák murdered his father before carrying out the 2023 Prague shootings.

Tullia the Younger, along with her husband, arranged the murder and overthrow of Servius Tullius, her father, securing the throne for her husband. Lucius Hostius reportedly was the first parricide in Republican Rome, sometime after the Second Punic War. Mary Blandy (1720–1752) poisoned her father, Francis Blandy, with arsenic in England in 1751. Lizzie Borden (1860–1927) was an American woman accused and acquitted of murdering her father and stepmother.