Округ Тирон: История и География Северной Ирландии

County in Northern Ireland

County Tyrone (/t//ɪ//'//r//oʊ//n/; ) is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland, one of the nine counties of Ulster and one of the thirty two traditional counties of Ireland. Its county town is Omagh. Adjoined to the south west shore of Lough Neagh, the county covers an area of , Historically, it was anglicised as Tirowen or Tyrowen, which are closer to the Irish pronunciation.

Historically Tyrone (then Tír Eoghain or Tirowen) was much larger in size, stretching as far north as Lough Foyle, and comprised part of modern day County Londonderry east of the River Foyle. The majority of County Londonderry was carved out of Tyrone between 1610 and 1620 when that land went to the Guilds of London to set up profit making schemes based on natural resources located there. Tyrone was the traditional stronghold of the various O'Neill clans and families, the strongest of the Gaelic Irish families in Ulster, surviving into the seventeenth century. The ancient principality of Tír Eoghain, the inheritance of the O'Neills, included the whole of the present counties of Tyrone and Londonderry, and the four baronies of West Inishowen, East Inishowen, Raphoe North and Raphoe South in County Donegal. In 1608 during O'Doherty's Rebellion areas of the country were plundered and burnt by the forces of Sir Cahir O'Doherty following his destruction of Derry. However, O'Doherty's men avoided the estates of the recently fled Earl of Tyrone around Dungannon, fearing Tyrone's anger if he returned from his exile.

With an area of , Tyrone is the largest county in Northern Ireland. The flat peatlands of East Tyrone border the shoreline of the largest lake in the British Isles, Lough Neagh, rising gradually across to the more mountainous terrain in the west of the county, the area surrounding the Sperrin Mountains, the highest point being Sawel Mountain at a height of 678 m (2,224 ft). The length of the county, from the mouth of the River Blackwater at Lough Neagh to the western point near Carrickaduff hill is 55 mile (89 km). The breadth, from the southern corner, southeast of Fivemiletown, to the northeastern corner near Meenard Mountain is 37.5 mile (60 km); giving an area of 1,261 square miles (in 1900). It is the second largest of Ulster's nine traditional counties by area and fourth largest by population.

The county was administered by Tyrone County Council from 1899 until the abolition of county councils in Northern Ireland in 1973.